the aim of this work is to find an efficient aerodynamic-based design algorithm for projectile fins and configuration shape optimization. three-dimensional supersonic flow over a projectile with fins at much number 5 and one degree angle of attack was studied. the runge-kutta method and multi-block technique was used to solve the governing equations. a basic configuration was assumed for the fi...

A new species of river loach, Schistura megalodon sp. nov., is described from the Irrawaddy basin in Yingjiang County, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The following combination of diagnostic characters serve to distinguish it from all other congeners in the given zoogeographical region: a large processus dentiformes in the upper jaw, a short pre-anus length of 65.4%-66.3% ...

While experimental analyses of steady rectilinear locomotion in fishes are common, unsteady movement involving time-dependent variation in heading, speed and acceleration probably accounts for the greatest portion of the locomotor time budget. Turning maneuvers, in particular, are key elements of the unsteady locomotor repertoire of fishes and, by many species, are accomplished by generating as...

Adipose fins are appendages found on the dorsal midline between the dorsal and caudal fins in more than 6000 living species of teleost fishes. It has been consistently argued that adipose fins evolved once and have been lost repeatedly across teleosts owing to limited function. Here, we demonstrate that adipose fins originated repeatedly by using phylogenetic and anatomical evidence. This sugge...

Exponential fins are mathematically analyzed in this paper. Two types are considered: i straight exponential fins and ii pin exponential fins. The possibility of having increasing or decreasing cross-sectional areas is considered. Different thermal performance indicators are derived. The maximum ratio between the thermal efficiency of the exponential straight fin to that of the rectangular fin ...