Neoplasms progress to cancer through a process of natural selection. The rate of evolution, and thus progression is determined by three parameters: mutation rate, population size of the evolving neoplastic cells, and intensity of selection or rate of clonal expansion. All three parameters are reviewed in the context of Barrett's esophagus, a pre-malignant neoplasm. Although Barrett's esophagus ...

Musth is an important male phenomenon affecting many aspects of elephant society including reproduction. During musth, the temporal gland secretions (as well as the urine and breath) of adult male Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) discharge a variety of malodorous compounds together with the bicyclic ketal, frontalin. In contrast, teenage male elephants in musth release a sweet-smelling exudate...

One of the main objectives of the forensic sciences is establishing a person's identity which can be a very complex process. The analysis of the teeth, fingerprints and DNA evaluation are probably the most used techniques allowing fast and secure identification processes. Palatal rugae or transverse palatine folds are asymmetrical and irregular elevations of the mucosa located in the anterior t...

To examine the chromosomal stability of repetitions of the trinucleotide CAG, we have cloned CAG repeat tracts onto the 3' end of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE2 gene and placed the appended gene into the ARO2 locus of chromosome VII. Examination of chromosomal DNA from sibling colonies arising from clonal expansion of strains harboring repeat tracts showed that repeat tracts often change in ...

1Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; 2Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 3Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, OHSU, Portland, OR; 4Department of Pathology, OSHU, Portland, OR; 5Cen...

The purpose of this work is to present a new method to extract the electron density ([Formula: see text]) and the effective atomic number (Z eff) from dual-energy CT images, based on a Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) of the atomic cross section per electron. This method was used to calibrate a Siemens Definition CT using the CIRS phantom. The predicted electron density and effective atomic numbe...

BACKGROUND Analysis of palatal rugae patterns, which are similar to fingerprints, is one of the techniques used in forensic sciences for human identification. As palatal rugae patterns are genetically determined, they can also be used in population differentiation and gender determination. Hence, we aimed to record the distribution of the predominant rugae pattern in Kerala population. MATERI...

A methodology and algorithms are proposed for constructing the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) of multimodal random vectors. An algorithm is developed for generating independent realizations of any multimodal multivariate probability measure that is constructed from a set of independent realizations using the Gaussian kernel-density estimation method. The PCE is then performed with respect to ...

It is thought that protective immunity is mediated in part by Ag-experienced T cells that respond more quickly and vigorously than naive T cells. Using adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD4 T cells from TCR transgenic mice as a model system, we show that Ag-experienced CD4 T cells accumulate in lymph nodes more rapidly than naive T cells after in vivo challenge with Ag. However, the magnitude o...

Endodontic diagnosis is challenging and depends on the organisation of information from the patient history, clinical examination and analysis of the pulp, radiographic and histopathological assessment. A 35-year-old man was endodontically treated for radiolucency in relation to the roots of maxillary central incisors as it was a provisionally diagnosed case of radicular cyst. Since the palatal...