abstract production is a process by which a productive activity will require some conditions (before and after the start of the production). one of the most important pre-required factors for start up a production unit is suitable business environment. one of the most important factors that must be provided after the start of production -during the production process and the time to market and ...

Isolated effects of labor and product market institutions as well as the interaction between both aforementioned categories on unemployment have been extensively discussed in the empirical literature. However, interaction effects between individual labor market institutions have been widely neglected, mainly due to the infeasibility to correctly specify the model. In this paper, a model averagi...

The objective of this paper is to estimate the impacts of medium and long term participation in microfinance programs. It utilises a new, large and unique panel dataset collected from treatment and control households from 1997 to 2005. The data enables us to identify continuing participants in the program as well as newcomers and leavers. We employ different estimation strategies including trip...

Recent evaluations of the impact of Turkish healthcare reforms on the efficiency of public hospitals suffer from simultaneous structural changes in the healthcare sector as well as from lack of data on some of the key ingredients of the reform. In this note, we analyze the major obstacles in a fair evaluation of the efficiency of public hospitals taking Sulku(2011)’s data envelopment analysis a...

This paper proposes a test for the null of sphericity in a …xed e¤ects panel data model. It uses the Random Matrix Theory based approach of Ledoit and Wolf (2002) to test for the null of sphericity of the error terms in a …xed e¤ects panel model with a large number of cross-sectional units and time series observations. Since the errors are unobservable, the residuals from the …xed e¤ects regres...

In this paper, we study how foreign ownership of Swedish companies affects employment and wages. To study these effects, we specify a model based on the assumption that the Swedish labour market can be described as one where trade unions and employers bargain over employment and wages. Our hypothesis is that bargaining power is affected by institutional settings and the ownership of the firm. T...

All micro studies of demand are based on using time series cross sectional data. Because in such data each household is only observed once, it is only under strong identifying restrictions that one can interpret the coefficients on consumer behavior. For example, if tastes are correlated with income, the usual estimates of income elasticities from cross sectional data are biased. In contrast, p...

This paper provides a review of linear panel data models with slope heterogeneity, introduces various types of random coe¢ cients models and suggests a common framework for dealing with them. It considers the fundamental issues of statistical inference of a random coe¢ cients formulation using both the sampling and Bayesian approaches. The paper also provides a review of heterogeneous dynamic p...

Many studies analyzed in depth how aging affects aggregate economic performance. But analyses of these effects on the employment structure are scarce and they do not consider that consumption patterns, the supply of goods and services, and also sectoral labor productivity are all likely to adjust to aging and will change. Hence, regression analysis of sectoral employment shares is proposed that...

The enlargement of the EU has implications for the national defence requirements and therefore national defence policy of European nations. In light of the freedom of movement of citizens between member states it is appropriate to consider the implications of a country’s military expenditure for it’s macroeconomy and specifically on the flows of migration between member states. Traditionally in...