Abstract Cosmopsychism, the idea that universe is conscious, experiencing something of a revival as an explanation consciousness in philosophy mind and also making inroads into religion. In latter field, it has been used to formulate models certain forms theism, such pantheism panentheism, proposed rival classical theism Abrahamic faiths. It claimed by Philip Goff form cosmopsychism, namely age...

monotheism, the advanced level (pantheism) always is of the main issues and difficulties in the muslim mysticism. sanai importance of this topic, and there he is among the first is the mystics that could the idea of unity to remove profanity and pollution. sanai comments causes the question that what is model of monotheistic idea that to justify unity so that impossible without knowledge and wo...

With the rise of ecological branch of literary criticism many critics have attempted to explore the relationship of literature and environment. Consequently the role of literature, and especially poetry is re-examined from ecocentric perspective, that is, poetry is considered as promoting ecological consciousness. Some of the critics eve argue that this consciousness can be converted into activ...

The Roshnites (Illuminati) also called “Rokhanian” in Pashto, a sixteenth century religiopolitical movement in the Pashtun dominated regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan, effected social mobilization on an unprecedented scale. The movement aimed at doctrinal reforms but soon it turned out to be a political movement. The leader of the Movement, Bayazid Ansari (also called “Pir Rokhan” by his devo...

1. The modern Western idea of ‘the natural world’ 2. Other cosmological patterns 3. The Biblical view of the world 4. Ancient Greek science and philosophy 4.1. Organism and ‘Mechanism’ 4.2. Beings and Being 4.3. Cyclical Cosmology 4.4 Attitudes towards the Universe 5. The mediaeval world-view 6. The impact of the 'mechanistic' universe of Newtonian science 6.1. Reductionism 6.2. Direct Implicat...

Abstract While the problem of nihilism is derived from a particular historical and intellectual context in Western philosophy, i.e., pantheism controversy modern German philosophy ideas Nietzsche, non-Western thinkers also engaged with it developed responses to it. In this article, I am interested analyzing Muhammad Iqbal’s (1877–1938), leading Muslim thinker (a Sufi) India, engagement his resp...

This article aims to reveal the purification or modernization performed by Muhammadiyah in Sufism, especially concerning practical mysticism sufi order and philosophical on concepts of ittihād, hulūl, wahdat al wujūd. The research data is gathered from official document records, such as fatwas Muhammadiyah's Majlis Tarjih Tajdid, Hamka's thoughts AR Fakhruddin’s performance former leaders Muham...

An analytic cognitive style denotes a propensity to set aside highly salient intuitions when engaging in problem solving. We assess the hypothesis that an analytic cognitive style is associated with a history of questioning, altering, and rejecting (i.e., unbelieving) supernatural claims, both religious and paranormal. In two studies, we examined associations of God beliefs, religious engagemen...

research about satan is always very important for scholars. in this respect, muslim mystics with the paraphrastic approaches, intuitional interpretations and introspectional knowledge, with mystical expressions, have an unrivaled position. some muslim mystics, especially the followers of sokr doctrine are justifying disobedience of satan (in prostrate to adam) with determinism (algebra) and the...