In light of the unexpectedly high turnout in 2019 European Parliament election, we explore how major transnational policy issues mobilize voters electoral contests. Based on analysis two data sets, Eurobarometer post-election survey and RECONNECT panel survey, make three important observations. First, citizens show a higher tendency to participate elections when they attribute greater importanc...

Precis: Three general elections were held for the Northern Ireland Parliament during the 1920s. The 1921 and 1925 elections were contested using proportional representation, whereas the 1929 elec­ tions used the "first-past-the-post system". This paper analyses how the change in the electoral system reversed the trend towards political plurality reflected in the 1925 election results, and facil...

We present a model where a society elects candidates belonging to two parties to a national parliament. The electoral rule determines the seats distribution between the two parties. We analyze two electoral rules, multidistrict majority and single-district proportional. The policy outcome is a function of the number of seats the two parties win in the election. We prove that under both systems ...

An enduring problem in electoral systems is that of "disproportionality," i.e., the mismatch between a party's percentage of the popular vote and its percentage of legislative seats. Such disproportionality is quite common and extreme cases are easy to find in the real word. To give just one example, the Liberal Party in Britain polled 13.8% of the national vote in 1979 but was rewarded with on...

This paper presents a replication algorithm that implements a highly-available, non-deterministic state machine. Our algorithm generalizes the Paxos parliament algorithm of Lamport to cope with non-deterministic computations, while preserving its nice resilience and e ciency properties. The algorithm is surprisingly simple, thanks to the use of two powerful underlying abstractions: weak consens...

5. Auditor or Certification Authority certifies that the election results are correct and have been determined as originally specified. Who the Auditor is depends on who the results are being certified for. In physical elections in the US this role is played by a specified government/judicial official. In physical elections in some countries like India, this role is played by a citizen who is n...

The paper provides a justification for the proportional representative (PR) election system for politically diversified societies. We employ the Shapley value concept to measure the political power of parties in a parliament. We prove that for the PR system if parties’ sizes are uniformly distributed on the simplex, the expected ratio of a party size to its political power increases to 1, and t...

Based on the German Longitudinal Election Study (2016), we explain citizens’ support for measures to increase women’s descriptive representation in parliament. Despite underrepresentation, find little positive action measures, and particular legal gender quotas. Binary logit analyses show that introduction of is not affected by perceptions about share female members However, experimental data r...

This entry chronicles a national change of government. It includes election results for Australia's elections and two subnational elections. supplies data on the new Cabinet, notes changes in parliamentary composition (sex party) party leadership changes. to head state significant institutional culture (viz., ongoing implementation measures make Parliament safer more family-friendly workplace e...