The needle lift and return timing of a CRDI (common rail direct injection) injector were investigated using an accelerometer and the Bosch injection rate measurement method. The Bosch method was used to measure the fuel injection rate shape when fuel was injected with several patterns. An accelerometer was mounted on the outside of the injector to catch the needle lift and return timing of the ...

We have simulat.ed the SLC injector from the thermionic gun through the first accelerating section and used the resulting parameters to tune the injector for optimum performance and-high charge transport. Simulations-are conducted using PARMELA, a three-dimensional ray-trace code with a two-dimensional space-charge mod$The magnetic field profile due to the existing magnetic optics is calculated...

The electron beam generated in a self-modulated laser-wakefield accelerator is characterized in detail. A transverse normalized emittance of 0.06 p mm mrad, the lowest ever for an electron injector, was measured for 2 MeV electrons. The electron beam was observed to have a multicomponent beam profile and energy distribution. The latter also undergoes discrete transitions as the laser power or p...

We have studied the response of the beam to an electron cloud for the Fermilab Main Injector using the Quasistatic Model [1] implemented into the particle-in-cell code Warp [2]. Specifically, we have addressed the effects due to varying the beam intensity, electron cloud density and chromaticity. In addition, we have estimated the contribution to emittance evolution due to beam space-charge eff...

Fast calculation of 3D non–linear space–charge fields is essential for the simulation of high–brightness charged particle beams. We report on our development of a new 3D space–charge routine in the General Particle Tracer (GPT) code. It scales linearly with the number of particles in terms of CPU time, allowing over a million particles to be tracked on a normal PC. The model is based on a non–e...

BACKGROUND In view of the increasing prevalence of food allergies, there has been an associated increase in frequency of situations requiring an emergency response for anaphylaxis at the home, childcare facilities and educational institutions. OBJECTIVE To clarify the situation of adrenaline auto-injector administration in nursery/kindergarten/school, we carried out a questionnaire survey on ...

General Particle Tracer (GPT) is a particle tracking code, which includes 3D space charge effect based on a nonequidistant multigrid Poisson solver or a point-to-point method. It is used to investigate beam dynamics in ERL and FEL injectors. We have developed a new routine to simulate coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in GPT based on the formalism of Sagan [1]. The routine can calculate 1D-w...

A numerical study on mixing of hydrogen injected transversely into a supersonic air stream has been performed by solving Two-Dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The main objectives of this...