Effective models of key operational decisions in multilocation inventory systems are important for a successful retail sector. This paper argues that much of the existing research in this area is not applicable to a highly competitive retail environment, particularly if periodic review replenishment policies are used. The paper develops a model of a periodic review multilocation inventory syste...

Technical advances in retail banking have had profound repercussions for the competitiveness of individual firms and for the sector as a whole. This work sets out 2 objectives: first, it attempts to analyse the role of technology with respect to both organizational change and the products and services offered by the savings banks; and second, to investigate the reciprocal influence of technolog...

The present paper proposed a new method for analyzing the retail structure in a metropolis, using microscale location data of individual retail establishments. The method is based on the probability distribution function (PDF) of establishments estimated from their locational data. The application of the method to the retail structure in Yokohama showed some empirical findings: (1) retail activ...

in this article, we estimate the vertical price transmission through the iranian rice marketing chain by usingmonthly data from march 2000 to february, 2009 and error correction model (ecm).the causality testresults indicate that changes in the producer price clearly led changes in wholesale and retail prices. inproducer-retail and wholesale-retail models, price transmission is asymmetric but i...

Unexpected growth in medication use has escalated demand for pharmacists that has outpaced supply. Responses to the pharmacist shortage include larger workloads and greater use of pharmacist extenders and technology. As the profession has moved from a product orientation (dispensing medications) to a patient focus, clinical training requirements have expanded. However, structural and process ba...

Using data from the Austrian retail gasoline market we find that a higher station density reduces average prices. Market (i.e. ownership) concentration does not significantly affect average price, however is negatively related to the density of stations. Estimation of the pricing and entry equations as simultaneous equations does not alter our conclusions, and suggests causality running from st...