Understanding the causes of diabetes is at the heart of most diabetes research. The field of causal inference has made dramatic advances in methodology that allows for causal inference from observational and not experimental data (1). One such methodological advancement is the use of genetic markers as instrumental variables, or so-called Mendelian randomization (MR) (2). MR relies on the laws ...

the incremental sheet metal forming (ismf) process is a new and flexible method that is well suited for small batch production or prototyping. this paper studies the use of the finite element method in the incremental forming process of aa1050 sheets to investigate the influence of tool diameter, vertical step size, and friction coefficient on forming force, spring-back, and thickness distribut...

The Surgical Assistant Working Group (SAWG) draft report has been released, which proposes to allow nurses in the surgical assistant role access a patient rebate from Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS). This will address some of issues affecting surgery Australia. While an initial read buoyed spirits those closely involved, it is with circumspection that we venture forward.

Through the vast reaches of prehistory, humanity has traversed the planet barefoot, one step at a time. Yet, all of us living on this island continent have come here by sea or air, by boat or plane, either personally or through our ancestors. Travel by boat, plane, car and many other “passive” forms of transport are a daily part of modern life. Even so, they pose particular and poorly understoo...