Part 1 of this three-part series provided a procedure for quickly recording acceptable fluorescence spectra with classic commercial spectrofluorometers most samples in common 1-cm-pathlength cuvettes. 2 the describes instrument-specific concerns that require modifications to our initial if we want can be accurately reproduced other laboratories. 3 will discuss how sample itself make reproducibi...

This paper describes a new static analysis for finding approximations to the pathlength of variables in imperative, object-oriented programs. The path-length of a variable v is the cardinality of the longest chain of pointers that can be followed from v. It is shown how such information may be used for automatic termination inference of programs dealing with dynamically created data-structures.

We present two experiments in closed-loop feedback control. In the first experiment, students control the pointing angle of a laser to “lock” the laser onto a “target.” In the second, students stabilize the pathlength difference in two arms of a Michelson interferometer. These experiments are appropriate for electronics and optics laboratory classes for junior and senior level students.

Incorporation of a liquid waveguide capillary flow cell into a flow injection instrument enhances the sensitivity of flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection by two orders of magnitude. Nitrite determination at nM levels has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of this novel technique for trace analysis. Combining the long pathlength spectrophotometry with flow injection an...

Full description of an absorption band is complex, but approximate expressions can be used over limited ranges of absorber mole fraction, pressure and pathlength. It can be shown that the “non-overlapping line approximation” applies at ambient pressure and CO2 mole fraction over the short pathlengths found in LI-COR infrared gas analyzers (Wolfe and Zissis, 1978). This leads to a “scaling law” ...

The development of optical techniques for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer is an ongoing challenge to biomedical optics. For oral cancer biopsy has a low specificity because of a thick keratin layer that often covers potential malignancies. We investigated the possibility to distinguishing potentially malignant visible lesions from benign ones to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. Major...