In the current world, sports produce considerable statistical information about each player, team, games, and seasons. Traditional sports science believed science to be owned by experts, coaches, team managers, and analyzers. However, sports organizations have recently realized the abundant science available in their data and sought to take advantage of that science through the use of data mini...

Road traffic volumes in intercity roads are generally estimated by probability functions, statistical techniques or meta-heuristic approaches such as artificial neural networks. As the road traffic volumes depend on input variables and mainly road geometrical design, weather conditions, day or night time, weekend or national holidays and so on, these are also estimated by pattern recognition te...

Moiré fringe topography and rasterstereography are 3-D optical imaging techniques, which provide height and curvature maps of the subject or the object under study. These are non-contact and non-invasive techniques, which project moiré and raster grids on the body. The distorted grids contain height and curvature information, which may be recovered using image-processing algorithms. These techn...