Cern y H., S. C i z i na u sk a s: The Clavicle of Newborn Dogs. Acta vet. Brno 1995,64: 139-145. The morphology, topography and structure of the clavicle and its adnexa, forming together the clavicular complex, were investigated in 21 newborn dogs of both sexes and various breeds by dissection, radiography and histological techniques. The reduced clavicle, I to 2 mm in size, was oval in most c...

As the earliest birds known, the late Jurassic specimens of Archaeopteryx have been the object of great speculative interest. Ostrom'"' has argued that Archaeopteryx was a terrestrial, cursorial predator that represents a preflight stage in the origin of birds in which the forelimbs were used as nets to trap insects. So far, this has been challenged mainly on the grounds that such activity woul...

Bone abnormalities are common in theropod dinosaur skeletons, but before now no specimen was known with more than four afflicted bones of the pectoral girdle and/or forelimb. Here we describe the pathology of a specimen of the theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus wetherilli with eight afflicted bones of the pectoral girdle and forelimb. On its left side the animal has a fractured scapula and radius ...

Depression of the hyoid apparatus plays a crucial role in generating suction, especially in fishes with a dorso-ventrally flattened head shape. It is generally assumed that shortening of the sternohyoideus muscle, which connects the hyoid to the pectoral girdle, contributes to hyoid depression. However, a recent study on the clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus has shown that this muscle does not...

Study of the osteological development in fishes is important from fisheries, biology and aquaculture points of views. It can be used as an early bio-indicator of non-optimal rearing conditions. The Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus is a native cyprinid fish of the Caspian Sea that its artificial propagation has fulfilled in hatcheries to recruit its natural stocks. Hence, this study was conducted...

The antero-posterior mass distribution of quadrupeds varies substantially amongst species, yet the functional implications of this design characteristic remain poorly understood. During trotting, the forelimb exerts a net braking force while the hindlimb exerts a net propulsive force. Steady speed locomotion requires that braking and propulsion of the stance limbs be equal in magnitude. We pred...

We recently published an article in this journal entitled “Pain in adult patients with Pompe disease: A cross-sectional survey” (Güngör et al., Mol Genet Metab. 2013; (109):371–376) and would like to present some additional data from a similar study we were involved in. A group of 25 patients from the United Kingdom (UK) were surveyed with the long form of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). This q...

The osteological and myological structures of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of the Asiatic catŽ sh Heteropneustes fossilis are described and compared with those of several other catŽ shes, as the foundation for an analysis on the phylogeneticrelationshipsof the genusHeteropneustes. Our observation and comparisons support a close relationship betweenHeteropneustesand the clariid catŽ s...

The cephalic and pectoral girdle structures of Liobagrus reini are described in detail and compared with those of Amblyceps mangois, as well as of several other catfishes, as the foundation for a discussion on the phylogenetic relationships of the Amblycipitidae. Our observations and comparisons support de Pinna’s (1996) phylogenetic hypothesis, according to which the Amblycipitidae, plus the A...