Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the second choke zone of extensive perforator flap in a rat model, and whether pedicle selection for IP influenced its efficacy. Methods: A rat perforator flap model, encompassing three vascular territories, was used. In total, 60 rats were divided into one control and two IP groups...

Late arterial thrombosis of a free flap is rare and usually unsalvageable because it is hard to detect. We herein report 2 cases of arterial thrombosis of a free flap after microvascular head and neck reconstruction due to the combined factors of pedicle artery loop and compression by a swollen submandibular gland, the occurrence of thrombosis in both of which was > 72 hours after the operation...

The dorsum of the hand is a very specialized region with thin and fragile skin characterized by poor subcutaneous tissue. The dorsal aspect of the hand is frequently prone to different types of injuries (crush, degloving, hot press, friction...) resulting in exposed tendons and bone. The treatment of cutaneous defects may be obtained with local pedicle flaps, distant pedicle flaps or with free ...

BACKGROUND The purposes of this article are to introduce and assess the results of a long-term follow-up of using anterograde pedicle flap based on the dorsal branches of proper digital neurovascular bundles from the dorsum of the middle phalanx for the fingertip defect. METHODS Between February 2011 and December 2012, 31 patients underwent reconstruction of fingertip defects using a homodigi...

introduction: reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue defects is important in restoring function and esthetic. in large defects, there will be demand for regional pedicle flaps or free flaps. hard palate separates nasal and oral cavities. due to the small surface area between flap and remaining palate after surgical resections, optimal blood supply of the flaps for hard palate reconstructions a...

OBJECTIVES The introduction of the pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF) has decreased postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates from >20% to <5% during expanded endoscopic skull base surgery. The NSF must be raised at the beginning of the operation to protect the posterior pedicle during the expanded sphenoidotomy. However, in most pituitary tumor cases, an intraoperative CSF leak is not exp...

INTRODUCTION Pedicled temporalis muscle flap presenting a good flap for closing large craniofacial defects. Careful surgeons usually do not mobilize temporalis muscle flap enough to make appropriate use, fully closure, especially if defect exceeds the median line. PATIENTS AND METHODS Temporalis flap was used in 16 patients, ages ranged between 12 and 76. In all cases defect reconstruction wa...

We experienced satisfactory outcomes by synchronously transplanting an artery and vein using an anterolateral thigh flap pedicle between the vascular pedicle and recipient vessel of a flap for scalp reconstruction. A 45-year-old man developed a subdural hemorrhage due to a fall injury. In this patient, the right temporal cranium was missing and the patient had 4×3 cm and 6×5 cm scalp defects. W...

1 Ahmed Emam, MRCS Khurram Khan, FRCS Elena Prousskaia, FRCS, EBOPRAS Department of Plastic Surgery Southmead Hospital Northbristol NHS Trust Bristol, United Kingdom Sir: B reconstruction with autologous free tissue transfer is a widely established technique considered to be the “gold standard.”1,2 The leading cause of return to theater after deep inferior epigastric flap reconstruction is hema...