Abstract—Free-riding represents a key challenge to the proliferation of today’s peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, since there is no deterrent in the system that prevents peers which are not contributing their resources to utilize the resources produced by other peers. Overcoming the free-riding problem is particularly difficult because of the unique challenges that P2P networks put forward: asymmetr...

Human behavior is strongly affected by culturally transmitted norms and values. Certain norms are internalized (i.e., acting according to a norm becomes an end in itself rather than merely a tool in achieving certain goals or avoiding social sanctions). Humans' capacity to internalize norms likely evolved in our ancestors to simplify solving certain challenges-including social ones. Here we stu...

" Social norms " is a term widely used in different areas of research like sociology, philosophy or multiagent systems. However, there is still not a clear definition of what social norms are and the types of problems they solve. This work presents a general classification and distinction of norms from a game theoretical perspective. The type of norms treated in this work are those norms create...

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately impact not only access to—but also use of— information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate ...

Recent advances in the fields of robotics, cyborg development, moral psychology, trust, multi agent-based systems and socionics have raised the need for a better understanding of ethics, moral reasoning, judgment and decision-making within the system of man and machines. Here we seek to understand key research questions concerning the interplay of ethical trust at the individual level and the s...

We propose Normative Dec-POMDPs, a model of collective decision making in the presence of complex norms, with violations of norms classified according to their relative severity. We extend the PBPG algorithm in order to solve Normative Dec-POMDPs and propose a heuristic that improves its scalability without affecting the policy quality.

Dixon et al. suggest that the psychological literature on intergroup relations should shift from theorizing "prejudice reduction" to "social change." A focus on social change exposes the importance of psychological theories involving collective phenomena like social norms and institutions. Individuals' attitudes and emotions may follow, rather than cause, changes in social norms and institution...

BACKGROUND AND METHOD Adolescents observe and imitate people to whom they are associated in their social context, and the normative factors sent out by reference groups are crucial determinants of their decision to smoke. The aim of the study is to investigate how adolescents' smoking changes when they are exposed to factors of pro-smoking normative influence by parents and peers, and how age m...

The term empathy has attracted many researchers from a variety of disciplines; however, a team’s collective empathy, which is composed of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has rarely been addressed in the literature. In this study, we empirically investigated the relationship between the collective empathy of a team and the effectiveness of its project process. Additionally, we t...