Biotransformations of 4alpha- and 4beta-hydroxyeudesmane derivatives by the filamentous fungus Gliocladium roseum were achieved. Hydroxylation at C-11 was the main action of this microorganism, producing new cryptomeridiol (12 and 14) and 4-epi-cryptomeridiol derivatives (6 and 7), respectively, in good yields. The biotransformation activity of G. roseum toward 4beta-hydroxyeudesmane was focuse...

The pollen morphology of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. and Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. from the family Geraniaceae was examined under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen morphologies are eurypalynous. The pollen grains were tricolporate, prolate-spheroidal and large. Aperture was ectoaperture, colpus was short, and the pores were oblate-spheroidal and large. The exi...

Zearalenol was extracted from Fusarium-infected stems of corn from southern Italy. The toxin, which appeared as a single compound in various thin-layer chromatography systems, was resolved by high-pressure liquid chromatography into two components. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry examination of a purified fraction confirmed the natural occurrence of zearalenol as a diastereomeric mixture...

The antagonistic activities of five biocontrol agents: Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium roseum, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces noursei and Streptomyces natalensis, were tested in vitro against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agents of anthracnose disease in fruit crops. The microbial antagonists inhibited mycelial growth in the dual culture assay and co...

Biotransformation of sesquiterpene 4beta-hydroxyeudesmane-1,6-dione by the filamentous fungi Gliocladium roseum and Exserohilum halodes was achieved. With Exserohilum halodes, only one metabolite was obtained, as a result of the regio- and stereoselective reduction of the keto group at C-1, which is difficult to achieve by chemical means. Five metabolites were produced with Gliocladium roseum, ...

The antifungal effect of 10 plant extracts viz., Thevetia peruviana, Ocimum basilicum, Piper betel, Murraya koenigii, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Polyalthia longifolia, Catharanthus roseus, Pelargonium graveolens, Moringa officinalis and Lawsonia inermis were evaluated by poisoned food technique against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the causal organism of sore shin disease of tobacco. Among all the pl...

Phytoremediation is a set of technologies that uses plants to clean up contaminated soils and groundwater. Phytoremediation is environmentally friendly, successful and cost-effective compared to other in situ methods such as the electrokinetic method. In this work, two local plant species, Chrysanthemum and Pelargonium, were examined for their ability to uptake lead from lead contaminated soils...