INTRODUCTION Anatomy and classification of intercostal perforator flaps in addition to our experience with will be demonstrated for different indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS The intercostal vessels form an arcade between the aorta and the internal mammary vessels. Different pedicled perforator flaps can be raised on this neurovascular bundle to cover defects on the trunk. They are classifie...

OBJECTIVE Ectopic implantation was first reported by Godina in 1986. We herein present 2 cases in which amputated fingers were salvaged and reconstructed by means of temporary ectopic implantation utilizing perforator anastomoses and chimeric flaps. METHODS Case 1. A 30-year-old man injured his right hand. All of the fingers were completely crushed with the exception of the little finger. We ...

BACKGROUND Perineal defects are commonly encountered during the treatment of conditions such as malignancy, infectious disease, and trauma. Covering large defects in the perineal area is challenging due to its complicated anatomy and the need for functional preservation. METHODS Fourteen patients who underwent reconstructive surgery with multiple perforator flaps for defects >100 cm(2) in the...

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of upper extremity deformities continues to be a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Various loco regional, distant and free flaps are available for reconstruction. However, each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Of the commonly performed local flaps, radial artery forearm flap, and the posterior interosseus artery flap stand out prominently. Recent...

The first terminology consensus on perforator flaps, reached in 2001, was reviewed and further simplified following the Sixth International Course on Perforator Flaps.

S everal investigators have shown the flow patterns and morphologic characteristics of perforator veins in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD). The complex nature of CVD, having many different factors associated with disease severity and deterioration, has made it difficult to elucidate the role of perforator vein incompetence. In this article, many of the importa...

BACKGROUND Functional outcomes of lower extremity reconstruction compared with amputation have been evaluated. However, there are little comparative data among the different reconstructive options. With the recent increase in perforator flaps, we compared the functional outcomes of muscle and perforator flaps. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 136 lower extremity trauma patients ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to decrease the incidence of venous congestion occurring in the reversed flow posterior interosseous artery flap used for coverage of hand defects. METHODS This may be achieved by studying the incidence of venous congestion in flaps including only 1 perforator and comparing the results with others including more than 1 perforator both in small and large...

Flap transplantation has been an important procedure in plastic and reconstructive surgery to cover and fill various defects. Flap necrosis due to blood circulation failure leads to severe complications, especially in a patient undergoing reconstruction concerning the body cavity after tumor ablation. Surgical procedures for flap transplantation have been further improved and developed. We have...

BACKGROUND In this study, a new fasciocutaneous perforator flap raised from inner medial surface of the distal medial arm has been described for soft tissue coverage. METHODS The blood supply of this flap comes directly from the distal brachial artery. Fourteen limbs of 7 formalinized cadavers were dissected to study the origin and the course of perforator vessel. RESULTS The average size o...