Acquisition of sporadic community-acquired legionnaires' disease has been linked to hot springs and whirlpool baths. Outbreaks of hot spring-associated legionnaires' disease were reported in Japan in the last few years. Although the mode of transmission is unclear, the presence of Legionella in hot springs may discourage hot springs resort visits by the general public. An environmental survey w...

This paper investigates the synthesis of a spatial stiffness matrix using simple line springs. A new algorithm is developed, which enables the selection of constituent springs based on their positions and directions. The constraining space of the line springs is then investigated. It is shown that an isotropic stiffness matrix, in general, can be split into the sum of two rank-3 stiffness matri...

A new calculation method for disc springs with contact flats and reduced thickness is presented in this paper. The analysis aims at putting in evidence the contradiction in standard norms where the standard calculation method for this kind of Belleville springs is used. On the basis of this analysis it is found that standard methods do not work for reduced disc springs because they lead to dang...

springs are the  mechanical parts which have many application in industries. static and dynamic forces cause relaxation in these parts so that they lose some of their free length and reaction force. springs constant are very important in airplane and vailway industry since constant and variable forces are applied to them in period time, therefore it is necessary to avoid decreasing in spring co...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to determine the amount of deformation in four commercial brands of nickel-titanium closed springs. METHODS A total of 130 springs were divided into 13 subgroups, according to their features and manufacturers (Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco and GAC) and activated from 100% to 1000% of the effective length of the nickel-titanium portion present at the spring, a...

Early and timely pedo-orthodontic treatment is aimed at eliminating the disturbances of skeletal or dentoalveolar development, to harmonize the stomatognathic system before the full eruption of all permanent teeth. The advantages of pendulum appliance are its minimal dependence on patient's compliance (child cooperation), ease of fabrication, onetime activation and adjustment of the springs if ...

abstract one of the importance groundwater resources in kermanshah province is karstic aquifer. this study aimed to investigate the role of development of karstic aquifer in karst springs hydrological properties have been conducted. the studies areas are two karst aquifers include the bistoon-parau and patagh mountain in kermanshah province. in the bistoon-parau region we used of bistoon, berke...

mahallat hot springs located in the northeast of mahallat, in central iran. there are 6 main hot springs namely shafa, abejoush, donbeh, soleimanie, hakim and soda. in this research, geology, physico-chemical characteristics and petrography of basement rocks of these hot springs have been investigated. the results show that hot springs have an average temperature of 45°c and acidic to neutral p...