This chapter examines the concept of inflation persistence in macroeconomic theory. It begins with a definition of persistence, emphasizing the difference between reduced-form and structural persistence. It then examines a number of empirical measures of reduced-form persistence, considering the possibility that persistence has changed over time. The chapter then examines the theoretical source...

background a significant proportion of individuals undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis persist with symptoms even after surgery. objectives this study was aimed to test our hypothesis that age of presentation and duration of symptoms are the risk factors that predispose to negative symptomatic outcome after cholecystectomy. patients and methods 351 patients with diagnosis ...

aim and background: the present study examined the predictability of quality of life (qol) based on personality traits and demographic characteristics of drug addicts. methods and materials: in the current descriptive, cross-sectional study, 200 individuals were randomly selected from addicts who referred to drug addiction treatment centers in tehran (iran). the world health organization qualit...

let  $r$ be a commutative noetherian ring and $i$ be an ideal of $r$. we say that $i$ satisfies the persistence property if  $mathrm{ass}_r(r/i^k)subseteq mathrm{ass}_r(r/i^{k+1})$ for all positive integers $kgeq 1$, which $mathrm{ass}_r(r/i)$ denotes the set of associated prime ideals of $i$. in this paper, we introduce a class of square-free monomial ideals in the polynomial ring  $r=k[x_1,ld...

T his paper investigates the asymmetric behavior of inflation. We use logistic smooth transition autoregressive (LSTAR) model to characterize the regime-switching behavior of Iran’s monthly inflation during the period May 1990 to December 2013. We find that there is a triple relationship between the inflation level, its fluctuations and persistence. The findings imply that the behavi...