We present a simple proof of existence of subgame perfect equilibria in games with perfect information.

Lévy driven term structure models have become an important subject in the mathematical finance literature. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Lévy driven Heath–Jarrow–Morton type term structure equation. This includes a full proof of existence and uniqueness in particular, which seems to have been lacking in the finance literature so far.

Recent research has hypothesized that empowerment can arise from collective action through collective self-objectification (CSO), defined as action that actualizes participants' social identity against the power of dominant groups. Activists (N = 37) described several experiences that made them feel empowered (and disempowered). Among the various explanations they offered for these feelings, th...

identifying the chain of transmitters mentioned in the sanads for the verification of the sanad is necessary for employment of ḥadīth. one of the problems observed in the chains of transmission is the repetition of the names applicable to two or more transmitters. on the other hands, some transmitters have been referred to by various names and titles in chains of transmission; various titles th...

We study the problem of estimating the mean of a multivariate distribution based on independent samples. The main result is the proof of existence of an estimator with a non-asymptotic sub-Gaussian performance for all distributions satisfying some mild moment assumptions.

This paper gives a proof of existence of price equilibria under certain parameters for a model of product differentiation commonly used in the empirical geographic differentiation literature. This proof is needed because the assumptions of Caplin and Nalebuff (1991) are not generally satisfied once data is introduced to geographic models. The theorem also has implications for existence in mixed...

Tuberculosis is a global threat to human existence. A model investigate the transmission of tuberculosis was constructed and analysed. The threshold quantity ( R_0) that predicts existence or extinction disease in population computed. It found local stability asymptotically stable when basic reproduction number less than unity at disease-free – equilibrium point. Lyapunov function order analyse...

the idea of relation between religions is one of important subjects in comparative religion, philosophy of religion and new theology. in this respect, from one hand the theory of plurality and diversity of religions, and on the other hand globalization, which is one of outcomes of our modern world, has lead human beings on some new attitudes about relation of religions like: exclusivism, plural...

one of the issues raised in the discussion knowledge of god, is the existence of different stage in this regard. despite the unity and simplicity of god and apparent similarity of knowers in existence, however, it is a question that why this plurality exist? mulla sadra, according to his philosophical principles like copulative existing of caused to cause, ontological approach to knowledge and ...

A mathematical model of a within-host viral infection with explicit age-since-infection structure for infected cells is presented. A global analysis of the model is conducted. It is shown that when the basic reproductive number falls below unity, the infection dies out. On the contrary, when the basic reproductive number exceeds unity, there exists a unique positive equilibrium that attracts al...