Children and adolescents evaluated group inclusion and exclusion in the context of generic and group-specific norms involving morality and social conventions. Participants (N = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, judged an in-group member's decision to deviate from the norms of the group, whom to include, and whether their personal preference was the same as what they expected a group should do. Dev...

This article analyses the religious sub-cultures of youth who live in Mashhad. The main question of this research is about youth classification and their beliefs, values and norms. Statistical population is chosen from the youth who are 15 to 29 years old and 600 persons are regarded as the sample study. In the research method is survey and data gathering instrument is aresearcher-made question...

in his recent commentary, gorik ooms argues that “denying that researchers, like all humans, have personal opinions … drives researchers’ personal opinion underground, turning global health science into unconscious dogmatism or stealth advocacy, avoiding the crucial debate about the politics and underlying normative premises of global health.” these ‘unconscious’ dimensions of global health are...

OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of a social norms intervention to reduce alcohol misuse among student-athletes. The intervention was designed to reduce harmful misperceptions of peer norms and, in turn, reduce personal risk. METHOD A comprehensive set of interventions communicating accurate local norms regarding alcohol use targeted student-athletes at an undergraduate college. An an...

Social norms campaigns have been a popular means to attempt to combat college student alcohol abuse. The strategy of social norms campaigns to correct misperceived, descriptive norms, however, has been controversial in reducing college student (binge) drinking. This study asserts that social norms marketing messages would have small effects on changing binge drinking college student’s drinking ...

This article uses a large, original data set on U.S. recycling behavior and perception of social norms. The data include unique information with respect to personal norms as well as information on both descriptive and injunctive social norms with respect to recycling behavior. The analysis finds that the legal and regulatory environment is strongly related to average county recycling rates and ...

A scenario-based experiment was used to test five hypotheses concerning group and individual predictors of individual intentions to perform helping behavior in a group. The results of an ANCOVA indicated that descriptive helping norms, personal helping norms, and selfmonitoring perceptions were positively associated with individual intentions to perform helping behavior. The findings underscore...

This research evaluated the importance of reference groups in the relationships between injunctive norms and alcohol consumption for college student drinkers. First-year students (N = 811; 58% women) completed online assessments of their drinking behavior, as well as their perceptions of the approval (injunctive norms) and prevalence (descriptive norms) of drinking by others. Injunctive norms w...

Car use for commuting contributes to various environmental and traffic problems, such as pollution and congestion. Policies aimed at reducing commuter car use will be more effective when they target important determinants of car use and willingness to reduce it. This study examined whether variables reflecting self-interest (from the theory of planned behavior [Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions...

Burnout is a job-related condition involving feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981a) is the instrument most widely used to measure job-related stress in human service professions, such as occupational therapy. This study explored the application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for use wit...