The inappropriate use of pesticides has created side effects such as resistance to pesticides, outbreak of new or secondary pests, environmental toxicity, and human health issues. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors influence green house workers’ attitudes to pesticide use in a case study of 50 greenhouse workers in Hashtgerd city, Iran. Using Bayesian confirmatory factor ana...

Context In some regions of Australia, the Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) is resistant to pesticides used control flystrike in sheep. Few pesticide groups are available, so it important delay or prevent any increase resistance. Aims This study examined assumptions a previously developed model resistance and tested use rotations as means limiting pesticides. Methods A was added previo...

The primary focus of the study is the changes that occurred in the pesticide-use structure of cotton production sector of India, owing to the diffusion of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) technology. Studies from different countries show that transgenic Bt crops can reduce chemical pesticide use with positive economic, environmental, and health effects. However, most of these studies build on cross-...

During the past year, we collected walnut aphid parasitoids, !. pallidus, from 8 walnut orchards. Parasites from 2 sites were maintained as individual colonies, those from'the six other sites were pooled into one colony. These colonies and one started in 1985 from three sites were screened with Guthion. We found substantial variability in responses to Guthion by these colonies, which suggests t...

Although wild-type alleles are generally dominant over mutant alleles, recently established alleles for pesticide resistance are rarely recessive in combination with their progenitors. This seems to be caused by a combination of a 'selective sieve' favouring non-recessive mutations, and the biochemical basis of resistance.

esters with carbonyl, phosphoryl, and thionyl linkages, are subject to enzymatic hydrolysis. Pesticide hydrolysis by esterases and amidases from plants and microorganlsms can serve as a deloxification or activation mechanism that can govern pesticide sel€ctivity or resistance, and initiate or determine the rate of pesticide biodegradation in the environment. Substrate specificity of esterases a...

During the past year, we reared and released approximately 40,000 parasites of the Guthion-resistant strain of walnut aphid parasite, Trioxys pallidus, into a walnut orchard near Red Bluff, CA. Parasites were recovered three times during the season following release and results of bioassays indicate the resistant strain has established and persisted through its first field season in this orchar...