Bait sprays containing the toxicant spinosad (GF-120) were applied to citrus groves in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas where Mexican fruit flies were detected in surveillance traps. The sprays were applied as a supplement to a continuous sterile insect release program. Sterile fly captures were 47-63% lower in the treated groves compared with control groves. Eight of 10 secondary pest population...

Introduction: One of the medications used by patients with dyspnea and asthma is sprays whose the way of application is very important. If these medications are not used properly, they will not be effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correct or incorrect use of sprays by patients. Material and Method: This double-blind observational analytical study was conducted on patie...

Objective Intranasal steroid sprays (INSS) are frequently prescribed for treating inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH). Complications due to the long-term application of INSS such as crusting, epistaxis, nasal mucosa dryness, and septal perforation may occur. Predicting patients who would benefit from INSS early might lower treatment costs and complication rates. We examined the predictive valu...

Field experiment was carried out during the autumn season in Alam area east of Tikrit to study integration three types chemical pesticides (Media, Wide and Decis) four cucumber varieties (Gazer, Amin, Najim Zena) Mass trapping technique by using Macphil traps that they contained female food attractive FLYCAP MASS control cucurbits fruit fly Dacus ciliatus (Loew) open fields, first field applied...

Pesticides are extensively world wide used for agriculture and for non-agricultural purposes. The major environmental concern of used pesticides is their ability to leach down to subsoil and contaminate the ground water, or, if they immobile, they could persist on the top soil and become harmful to microorganisms, plants, animal and people (Jha & Mishra 2005; Radivojević et al., 2008). Harmfull...

............................................................................................................. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... II LIST OF PAPERS................................................................................................. III BACKGROUND.........................................................

Al~traet--Recent advances concerning analysis of sprays and drop/turbulence interactions are reviewed. Consideration is given to dilute sprays and related dilute dispersed flows, which contain well-defined dispersed-phase elements (e.g. spherical drops) and have dispersed-phase volume fractions less than 1%; and to the near-injector, dense spray region, having irregularly-shaped liquid elements...

Supplemental water sprays were placed along the sides of a continuous mining machine to improve suppression and confinement of the dust cloud under the cutting boom to reduce downwind dust levels. Using a full-scale mock-up of a continuous mining machine, preliminary work showed that these side sprays improved suppression of the dust cloud and redistributed this cloud under the cutting head. Th...