PGC-1α is an inducible transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have identified two additional PGC-1α transcripts that are derived from an alternative exon 1 (exon 1b) and induced by exercise. Given that the PGC-1α gene also produces NT-PGC-1α transcript by alternative 3(') splicing between exon 6 and e...

In contrast to the classical nuclear receptors, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is transcriptionally active in the absence of ligand. In the course of searching for the mediator of CAR activation, we found that ligand-independent activation of CAR was achieved in cooperation with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 (PGC-1 ). PGC-1 , a PGC-1 homologue, also ac...

The gene encoding the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) was targeted in mice. PGC-1alpha null (PGC-1alpha(-/-)) mice were viable. However, extensive phenotyping revealed multi-system abnormalities indicative of an abnormal energy metabolic phenotype. The postnatal growth of heart and slow-twitch skeletal muscle, organs w...

INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction and disability. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 beta (PGC-1β) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays important roles in regulating multiple aspects of energy metabolism and cytokine signaling pathways. PGC-1β overexpression leads to the attenuation of macroph...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) controls metabolic adaptations. We now show that PGC-1α in skeletal muscle drives the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) B in an estrogen-related receptor-α-dependent manner. Concomitantly, PGC-1α reduces the expression of LDH A and one of its regulators, the transcription factor myelocytomatosis oncogene. PGC-1α th...

This paper reviews the current understanding of the molecular basis of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated pathway and discusses the role of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle atrophy caused by immobilization. PGC-1α is the master transcription regulator that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, by upregulating nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1, 2) and mito...

Accumulating evidence implicates the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in the pathophysiology of Huntington Disease (HD). Adult PGC-1α (-/-) mice exhibit striatal neurodegeneration, and reductions in the expression of PGC-1α have been observed in striatum and muscle of HD patients as well as in animal models of the disease. However,...

The Super-SAT (SSAT) problem was introduced in [1], [2] to prove the NP-hardness of approximation two popular lattice problems - Shortest Vector Problem and Closest Problem. SSAT is conjectured be NP-hard approximate within a factor nc (c positive constant, n size instance). In this paper we conjecture assuming Projection Games Conjecture (PGC) [3]. This implies hardness these polynomial factor...

OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating HNF4α and FoxO1. PGC-1α expression in the liver is highly elevated in obese and diabetic conditions, leading to increased hepatic glucose production. We previously showed that the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) suppresses FoxO1 activity and hepat...