Undesirable electrochemical phenomena at electrode|solution interfaces during ohmic heating can be avoided or effectively inhibited by choosing an appropriate electrode material. We attempted to understand the electrochemical behavior of four types of electrode materials: titanium, stainless steel, platinized-titanium, and graphite at pH 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5. The electrodes were examined comparati...

The performance of novel solid state Thick-Film pH sensors for water quality sampling that are designed for deployment in remote catchment areas is described. These miniaturised screen printed planar pH sensors are an alternative to conventional glass pH electrodes that have many disadvantages such as high-cost, large size, mechanical fragility and limited shape. The approach adopted here for i...

Continuous recording of ruminal pH in cannulated cattle has been practiced to study rumen metabolism. However, most systems reported did not permit animal mobility during pH recording. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a continuous rumen pH data acquisition system that permitted animal mobility during data acquisition. A further objective was to compare the pH readings obtai...

On the basis of extensive studies, it has long been contended by many investigators that the hydrogen ion concentration of malignant tissues differs from that of normal tissues in a characteristic way. The results obtained, however, are highly controversial. Many workers have found an alteration of pH to the alkaline side (1, 4, 5, 9, 14, 16). Others have found an alteration to the acid side (7...

The influence of the Ar/O2 gas ratio during radio frequency (RF) sputtering of the RuO2 sensing electrode on the pH sensing performance is investigated. The developed pH sensor consists in an RF sputtered ruthenium oxide thin-film sensing electrode, in conjunction with an electroplated Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The performance and characterization of the developed pH sensors in terms of sens...

The Glucose Oxidase (Gox) electrochemical sensors were used to detect a little amount of glucose. In this paper, the pure platinum plate (length of 5 cm and a width of 3 mm), the Ag/AgCl electrode and platinum electrode (diameter of 1 mm) were applied as a working electrode (W.E), reference electrode and auxiliary electrode sequential. Factors measured, glucose concentration and pH is Phosphate...

The Glucose Oxidase (Gox) electrochemical sensors were used to detect a little amount of glucose. In this paper, the pure platinum plate (length of 5 cm and a width of 3 mm), the Ag/AgCl electrode and platinum electrode (diameter of 1 mm) were applied as a working electrode (W.E), reference electrode and auxiliary electrode sequential. Factors measured, glucose concentration and pH is Phosphate...

Benznidazole is a drug used commonly as a therapeutic agent against Chagas' disease in Brazil. To clarify the cytotoxic action of benznidazole the electrochemical reduction of benznidazole has been investigated using a DNA-electrochemical biosensor, prepared by modification of a glassy carbon electrode with DNA, and the results compared with reduction at a bare glassy carbon electrode. The depe...

The foregone studies have shown that nicotinic acid cannot produce noticeable reductive signal at carbon-based electrodes without appropriate modification of the electrode. This is an obvious reason that mercury is known as the main electrode material for electro-reduction of nicotinic acid. In this study, it has been shown that it is possible to create a remarkable reduction signal for NA at a...

A reference electrode fabricated by means of thick-film technique is deposited onto a silicon substrate and combined with a thin-film pH sensor to a “hybrid” chip system. To evaluate the suitability of this combination, first investigations were carried out. The characteristics of the thin-film pH sensor were studied towards the thick-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Measurements were performe...