The aim of this research is to empirically investigate the relationships among the three vital knowledge management processes of acquisition, integration and application, and their effects on organisational innovation in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Jordan; a knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) sector. Structural equation modelling findings show an excellent fit among al...

The molecular states of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in pharmaceutical dosage forms strongly affect the properties and quality of a drug. Various important fundamental physicochemical studies were reviewed from the standpoint of molecular pharmaceutics. Mechanochemical effects were evaluated in mixtures of APIs and pharmaceutical additives. Amorphization, complex formation and nanop...

in everyday life, our body generates free radicals and other reactive oxygen species which are derived either from the endogenous metabolic processes (within the body) or from external sources. many clinical and pharmacological studies suggest that natural antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage. among the natural antioxidant products, pycnogenol ® (french pinus pinaster bark extract) has bee...

BACKGROUND Computable general equilibrium models are known as a powerful instrument in economic analyses and widely have been used in order to evaluate trade liberalization effects. The purpose of this study was to provide the impacts of trade openness on pharmaceutical industry using CGE model. METHODS Using a computable general equilibrium model in this study, the effects of decrease in tar...

INTRODUCTION Interactions between pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers are increasingly scrutinized by academics, professionals, media, and politicians. Most empirical studies and professional guidelines focus on unilateral donor-recipient types of interaction and overlook, or fail to distinguish between, more reciprocal types of interaction. However, the degree of goal alignment a...

background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

Drug shortages occur frequently and are often caused by supply chain disruptions. For improvements to occur, it is necessary be able estimate the vulnerability of pharmaceutical chains. In this work, we present first model reliability. We consider three key approaches that companies may use improve reliability: configuration, risk disruptions, speed recovery. Key metrics include expected drug s...