The registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario stated in 2010 that “opioids are an important part of the modern arsenal for treating chronic non-cancer pain.”1 He noted that clear guidance on the prescribing of opioids was needed and that the National Opioid Use Guideline Group had led a project to develop the Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Chro...

Larochelle et al (1) published an original investigation on rates of opioid dispensing and overdose after the introduction of abuse-deterrent, extended-release oxycodone and the withdrawal of propoxyphene in the JAMA Internal Medicine. We believe that Larochelle et al may have misinterpreted the causes of opioid overdoses and the consequences of abuse-deterrent opioid formulations. These assump...

conclusions the findings of the study showed that, compared with the opiate users, methamphetamine users are younger, more likely to be single, and less likely to have received treatment. we recommend that policymakers should not only design preventive programs for improving the level of knowledge about stimulant use, but also prepare treatment plans and facilities for this newly emerged substa...

case: a 26-year-old man referred to emergency service with coma, bradypnea (respiratory rate = 4 breaths per minute) and pinpoint pupil. on chest auscultation, diffuse coarse crackle and on abdominal auscultation, decrease of abdominal sounds were found. at first evaluation, pulse oximetry showed 19% saturation of oxygen. after oxygen therapy with facial mask and infusion of 8.4 mg naloxone in ...

background: there are numerous investigations on wide range of issues that disrupt regulatory spermatogenesis, individuals who are exposed to drug abuse faced infertility and immature spermatogenesis. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the addiction effects of morphine and its derivatives on rats spermatogenesis. materials and methods: 40 male wistar rats were randomly divided int...

INTRODUCTION Opioid prescribing is increasing in many countries. In Australia, there is limited research on patterns of prescribing and access, or the outcomes associated with this use. The aim of this research programme is to use national dispensing data to estimate opioid use and costs, including problematic or extramedical use in the Australian population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In a cohort ...

introduction: several researches have reported that stress is able to inhibit the development of morphine tolerance via activating of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis. in the present study we tried to examine the effect of epinephrine, the product of adrenal medulla, on the development of morphine tolerance. methods: analgesic tolerance was induced by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of mo...

Facilities involved in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products are an under-investigated source of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Between 2004 and 2009, 35 to 38 effluent samples were collected from each of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in New York and analyzed for seven pharmaceuticals including opioids and muscle relaxants. Two WWTPs (NY2 and NY3) receive substantial flows...