The deepest phylogenetic division in the universal tree (vertical line in Figure 1) is that separating bacteria from the clade comprising archaea and eukaryotes. The prokaryote–eukaryote split (horizontal line in Figure 1), originally delineated on the basis of differences between (eu)bacterial and eukaryotic cellular ultrastructure, is a phenetic dichotomy (see Doolittle, 1996, and references ...

The status of a putative new species of Lepidosperma from the mountains of south-western Tasmania, Australia, was investigated. Phenetic analysis (Flexible UPGMA Agglomerative Hierarchical Fusion and semi-strong hybrid multidimensional scaling) was conducted on a database derived from morphological and anatomical characters scored from herbarium material, culm anatomy slides and scanning electr...

Two new species of Cladosporium found on necrotic needles of Pinus ponderosa trees in Patagonia, Argentina, are described as C. chubutense and C. pini-ponderosae. An additional isolate from dead leaves of Cortaderia collected in Colombia, which is a sister taxon to the species occurring on Pinus, is described as Cladosporium colombiae. These species are phylogenetically closely related, but dif...

I. Continuous characters – ancestral states Many traits of interest are measured on continuous or metric scales – size and shape, physiological rates, etc. Continuous traits are often useful for species identification and taxonomic descriptions; historically, they were also used in phylogenetic analysis through the use of clustering algorithms that can group taxa based on multivariate phenetic ...

Secale cereale (rye) with its vitally importance can have a marked place in the world cereal production, particularly in North Europe. This study concerns morphology, taxonomy and cytotaxonomy of this species in Iran. Based on the evaluation of 12 qualitative and quantitative morphological characters and using phenetic analysis, it was revealed that, S. cereale occurs in Iran with two subspecie...

DOWNIE, S. R., and MCNEILL, J. 1990. A note on the taxonomic status of Euphrasia randii (Scrophulariaceae). Can. J. Bot. 68: 1531-1535. A reexamination of the phenetic relationships among the previously recognized infraspecific taxa of Euphrasia randii using principal component analyses and four clustering methods indicates that the recognition of these infraspecific taxa is unwarranted. This c...