The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the genetic background on the phenobarbital inducibility of cytochrome P-450 2b-9, cytochrome P-450 2b-10 and aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 mRNAs in mice. We analysed the basal expression and the phenobarbital inducibility of both cytochrome P-450 mRNAs by semi-quantitative specific reverse transcription-PCR analyses in five inbred mouse st...

Reliable administration of anti-seizure drugs, like phenobarbital, is critical to maintain seizure control in cats. Unfortunately administering oral phenobarbital to cats can be difficult, resulting in inconsistent dosing, stress to the cat and injury to the owner. Furthermore, a missed dose of anti-seizure medications can result in a seizure. The purpose of this study is to compare blood level...

An initiation/promotion bioassay for chemical carcinogens and tumor promoters has been developed in rat liver using presumed preneoplastic lesions, foci of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase)-positive hepatocytes, as the endpoint. To evaluate the tumor-promoting activity of phenobarbital, rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DENA), 2.0 mmole/kg, followed by 500 ppm phenobarbital in thei...

background: phenobarbital poisoning is common in vietnam. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (cvvh) and hemodialysis (hd) on clinical outcomes in the treatment of severe acute phenobarbital poisoning. methods: this was a retrospective observational historically controlled study. 42 patients with severe phenobarbital poisoning were enr...

Anticonvulsant therapy of seizure disorders in man is associated with the development of complications involving bone and mineral metabolism including hypocalcemia, elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels, and increased amounts of unmineralized bone or osteoid. The latter has been attributed to a reduction in serum-25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels resulting from increased hepat...

Hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes metabolize exogenous and endogenous compounds, and many are inducible by xenobiotics. Their synthesis is tightly regulated, particularly through nuclear receptors. Expression of murine CYP2B genes is strongly activated by treatment with phenobarbital or phenobarbital-like inducers, and a detectable response requires the presence of the constitutive androst...

Selim, Niazy, Gene D. Branum, Xia Liu, Richard Whalen, and Thomas D. Boyer. Differential lobular induction in rat liver of glutathione S-transferase A1/A2 by phenobarbital. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G542– G550, 2000.—Phenobarbital and other xenobiotics induce drug-metabolizing enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase A1/A2 (rGSTA1/A2). We examined the mechanism of inducti...

The cytochrome P450 gene CYP2H1 is highly induced by phenobarbital in chick embryo hepatocytes. Recent studies have established that the orphan nuclear receptor CAR plays a critical role in the induction mechanism. Here, we show that a high concentration of the potent glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 almost completely blocks phenobarbital-induced accumulation of CYP2H1 ...

The effect of phenobarbital on activities of aldehyde dehydrogenases in the subcellular fractions was studied in vivo in rats of three strains. Regarding the responses of the mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes to phenobarbital treatment no difference among the strains was observed. Regarding the responses of the supernatant enzyme remarkable strain differences were observed. In rats of the Lo...

We measured the concentrations of phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, ethosuximide, antipyrine, and caffeine in paired samples of saliva and plasma by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer (GC/MS/COM) and enzyme immunoassay. Mixed saliva was collected for the antipyrine and caffeine studies, parotid saliva for the phenobarbital, primidone, ethosuximide and phenytoin studies. The saliva/...