The FLUKA Monte Carlo code, presently used in cosmic ray physics, contains packages to sample soft hadronic processes which are built according to the Dual Parton Model. This is a phenomenological model capable of reproducing many of the features of hadronic collisions in the non perturbative QCD regime. The basic principles of the model are summarized and, as an example, the associated Λ–K pro...

We have been using wave functions reconstructed from lattice Monte Carlo simulations of QCD to calculate the masses of orbital excitations. We have also been trying to use wave functions as a tool for hadronic phenomenology. Our work has been presented in a series of papers [1]. We present a synopsis of it here. We will also comment on issues relevant to excited state spectroscopy which came up...

This article will closely examine the phenomenological method as applied to qualitative inquiry in psychology and psychiatry. In a critical comparison between Amedeo Giorgi's and Larry Davidson's qualitatively methods, conclusions were drawn with regard to how different kinds of qualitative inquiry are possible while remaining faithful to Husserlian philosophical foundations. Utilizing Lester E...

This study describes a phenomenological hermeneutical method for interpreting interview texts inspired by the theory of interpretation presented by Paul Ricoeur. Narrative interviews are transcribed. A naïve understanding of the text is formulated from an initial reading. The text is then divided into meaning units that are condensed and abstracted to form sub-themes, themes and possibly main t...

Two-dimensional (2-D) effects are becoming increasingly important in the diffusion of impurities in submicrometer silicon devices. Existing process simulators cannot accurately model some of these effects. We describe a 2-D process simulator PREDICT2 that handles implant damage effects, annealing, and lateral diffusion. PREDICT2 simulates the diffusion of impurities in silicon by using phenomen...

Depending on the loading conditions on brittle materials, damage can generally not be reduced to a simple scalar. Microcrack orientation affects the stiffness in a preferential direction perpendicular to the crack lips. Taking into account the damage anisotropy in phenomenological models is a possible option, but the identification of the corresponding models with respect to damage anisotropy i...

Based on a robust, phenomenological model for the growth of a system parameter, a relation is derived to test the evolution of such a parameter through several distinct stages. It is found that data defining the acknowledged major changes in the evolution of earth, the life on it, and cultural and technological growth, conform to this model. The nature of these altering events indicates that in...