The transcript levels of six defense genes including pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), pathogenesis-related gene 2 (PR-2), pathogenesis-related gene 5 (PR-5), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) were investigated in tomato plants inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli as a non-host pathogen and X. euvesicatoria as a host pathogen. Activation o...

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase, Protein Metabolism, Regulation, /ra/js-Cinnamic Acid, Daucus carota, Suspension Culture In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed in order to study the regulatory role of transcinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives (p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid) on the deamina­ tion of phenylalanine catalyzed by PAL (EC 4.3.1.5). 7>arts-cinnamic acid inhibits growth a...

A heterologous probe encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was used to identify PAL clones in cDNA libraries made with RNA from young leaf tissue of two Populus deltoides x P. trichocarpa F1 hybrid clones. Sequence analysis of a 2.4-kb cDNA confirmed its identity as a full-length PAl clone. The predicted amino acid sequence is conserved in comparison with that of PAL genes from several oth...

effects of pre-storage application of salicylic acid (sa) and storage periods were investigated on phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) activity, chilling index (ci) and quality of pomegranate (punica granatum) cv. malase saveh. the results showed that with increase in sa concentration up to 2mm, ci and ion leakage (il) were reduced while pal activity being increased. the lower il and ci vc the hi...

Novel hybrid magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (HM-PAL-CLEAs) were developed by co-aggregation of enzyme aggregates with magnetite nanoparticles and subsequent crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The HM-PAL-CLEAs can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnetic field. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal la...

the most important postharvest disorder of cut gerbera is stem bending disorder, which occurs below the capitulum. stem strength and lignification is one of important phenomenon and causes of gerbera stem bending. therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (sa) on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity (pal), as an important enzyme in phenylpropanoid...

Due to high water content and perishability, the raspberry fruit is sensitive postharvest fungal contamination losses. In this study, chitosan was used as an edible coating increase storage of raspberries, nanotechnology efficiency. The treated with emulsion containing nanoparticles (ECNPC) at 0, 2.5, 5 g L?1, stored for 9 d. Decay extension rate, phytochemical contents, including total phenoli...

The study focuses on the effect of supplemental UV-B radiation on germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll a and b contents, soluble phenols, anthocyanins, flavones contents, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activity of mash-bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.). Even though the germination velocity was substantially increased, the final germination percent...

Abstract The cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi L. are serious pests on grain crops, reducing the quality and yield by direct feeding damage virus transmission. changes in physiological biochemical parameters of two wheat cultivars under aphid stress were investigated to understand aphid-resistance mechanisms. activity levels phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), tyrosine (TAL), Ca...

The influence of maturing and ripening on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin accumulation was examined using bagged, non-bagged and shaded ‘Jonathan’ (Malus domestica) apples. Bagged fruit were covered with paper bags from mid-June at an early stage of fruit growth. Shaded apples were insulated from sunlight by newspaper at the beginning of colouring (middle September). ...