Methyl tetra - 0-methyl- ?-D- glucopyranoside is stereoselectively prepared from tetramethyl-D- glucopyranose by using (MeI+NaH) in toluene (86%) or cyclohexane (85%), while its ?- isomer is best synthesized in hexamethyl phosphoramide (64%). Similarly, methyl tetra-o-methyl-?- D-mannopyranoside is synthesized in cyclohexane (80%), while its ?- isomer is predominantly prepared by (MeI+n-Bu...

This work presents the desymmetrization of oxabenzonorbornadienes through (3+2) cycloaddition reaction with hydrazones using a chiral Brønsted acid such as BINOL-derived phosphoramide. catalyst appears most effective mediator for activation hydrazone via hydrazonium cation that reacts in fashion oxabenzonorbornadiene olefinic counterpart. Under optimized conditions, provided selectively exo pro...

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, is metabolically activated to phosphoramide mustard, to form toxic DNA-DNA (G-NOR-G) crosslinks. Increased exposure to cyclophosphamide metabolites has been associated with treatment-related toxicity. The effect of obesity on exposure to cyclophosphamide-induced G-NOR-G crosslinks is not known. Therefore we sought to determine whether obesity af...

The role of glutathione in the biological effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) was evaluated by investigating the following: effect of CP on hepatic glutathione levels; relationship between hepatic glutathione depletion (repletion) and the binding of [chloroethyl-3H]CP and [4-14C]CP to hepatic macromolecules; effects of interaction between CP (or acrolein) and diethyl maleate (a classical glutathio...

The immunomodulatory properties of coconut protein were investigated in Swiss albino mice by immune suppressed with cyclophosphamide (CP). CP is a commonly used anti-cancer drug which causes toxicity by its reactive metabolites such as acrolein and phosphoramide mustard. In this study, the animals were grouped into four of 6 mice per group. Assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried ou...

The role of glutathione (GSH) as a determinant of cellular sensitivity to the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) was studied in a dual culture system of rat hepatocytes and K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells, which have elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity with a corresponding insensitivity to activated CP. Exposure of K562 cells to 50 microM DL-buthionine-S,...

Cyclophosphamide is a known bladder carcinogen, with cumulative dose directly related to increased risk. There is no consensus, however, on which major cyclophosphamide metabolite (i.e., acrolein or phosphoramide mustard) drives bladder carcinogenesis. We examined 19 cyclophosphamide-related bladder tumors to test the hypothesis that they might contain somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppres...