Identified type A photoreceptors of Hermissenda express differential effects of classical conditioning. Lateral type A photoreceptors exhibit an increase in excitability to both the conditioned stimulus (CS; light) and extrinsic current. In contrast, medial type A photoreceptors do not express enhanced excitability, but do show enhancement of the medial B to medial A synaptic connection. Theref...

NR2E3 is a nuclear hormone receptor gene required for the correct development of retinal rod photoreceptors. Expression protein in cell precursors suppresses cone-specific expression and, concert with other transcription factors including NRL, activates rod-specific genes. Pathogenic variants involving cause spectrum retinopathies, enhanced S-cone syndrome, Goldmann–Favre retinitis pigmentosa, ...

Freshwater crayfish have three known photoreceptive systems: the compound eyes, extraretinal brain photoreceptors, and caudal photoreceptors. The primary goal of the work described here was to explore the contribution of the brain photoreceptors to circadian locomotory activity and define some of the underlying neural pathways. Immunocytochemical studies of the brain photoreceptors in the paras...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate distribution and changes of glycoconjugates of retinal photoreceptors during both pre- and postnatal development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue sections from days 15 to 20 of Wistar rat embryos and 1 to 12 postnatal days of rat newborns including developing eye were prepared for lectinhistochemistry technique. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labele...

This project maps the distributed feedback loops of biological photoreceptors to silicon to create low-power high-performance silicon photoreceptors. Such photoreceptors are useful as front ends in VLSI motion sensors, important in robotic and active-vision applications. An ultra-low-noise MEMS vibration sensor, which provides inertial information to a vibrating visual sensor being built by col...

In dim light, reliable coding of visual information becomes compromised, unless the sensitivity of the visual system to light is improved by structural and functional adaptations. Thus far, many adaptations for night vision in the compound eyes of nocturnal insects have been described, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying the electrochemical signalling in their photoreceptors. In...

In addition to regular photoreceptors, some invertebrates possess simple extraocular photoreceptors. For example, the central ganglia of mollusks contain photosensitive neurons. These neurons are located on the dorsal surface of the ganglia and based on their electrophysiological properties, it has been postulated that they are the internal photoreceptors. However, besides the eye, transduction...

The cellular and synaptic organization of the eye of the nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda is well-documented. The five photoreceptors within each eye are mutally inhibitory and can be classified into two types: A and B based on electrophysiological and anatomical criteria. Two of the three type B and two type A photoreceptors can be further identified according to their medial or lateral position...

We sought to characterize the regenerated cells, if any, when photoreceptor ablation was mostly limited to a particular cone subtype. This allowed us to uniquely assess whether the remaining cells influence specification of regenerating photoreceptors. The ability to replace lost photoreceptors via stem cell therapy holds promise for treating many retinal degenerative diseases. Zebrafish are po...