Case detection, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis 1 B) in children are challenging issues vorldwide. This study in Afghanistan aimed to evaluate paediatric TB case management, including contact investigation, at health facilities where all diagnostic processes were available. In 7 out of 8 regions of the country 1 province was selected. Documents used for management of paediatric TB cases...

Elevated risk of disease transmission is considered a major cost of sociality, although empirical evidence supporting this idea remains scant. Variation in spatial cohesion and the occurrence of social interactions may have profound implications for patterns of interindividual parasite transmission. We used a social network approach to shed light on the importance of different aspects of group-...

The first two objects of the association are: (1) 'To promote closer ties among the National Medical Organizations and among the doctors of the world by personal contact and all other means available. (2) To maintain the honour and protect the interests of the medical profession.' The W.M.A. represents some 700,000 medical men from some 43 national organizations (Editorial 1952). It is not a go...

BACKGROUND Hair graying is considered as a part of normal ageing process. Nonetheless, this process raises a significant cosmetic concern, especially among ethnic Korean elderly whose baseline hair color is black. For this reason, Korean elderly dye their hair with frequency despite the risk of dermatologic problems such as allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors inv...

BACKGROUND Rapid urbanization, westernization of lifestyles, poor quality of objects available and extremely relaxed vigilance on adherence to 'product safety guidelines' make any developing country like India highly susceptible to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) even in children. There has been no previous attempts to assess the magnitude of childhood ACD in India. AIMS To assess the clini...

Three experiments examined adult humans' folk physics (i.e., their naturally occurring understanding of the physical world) using variations of rope-and-banana problems that are used to study chimpanzees' folk physics. When presented with symbolic versions of these problems, the participants' choices were controlled by both the presence of a physical connection between a tool and reward (unlike...

A new test system that includes an excito-repellency test box, test procedures, and statistical treatment of data is described. The method consists of enclosing 25 mosquitoes in an exposure chamber lined with insecticide-treated or untreated (control) test papers. Each chamber has a single portal for mosquitoes to escape to a receiving cage, and numbers escaping are manually recorded at 1-min i...

In reproductively naive female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) direct contact with male urine or housing in a male-soiled cage, in the absence of physical contact, resulted in increased uterine weights, but did not reliably elicit behavioral estrus (defined by lordosis). Physical contact with an unfamiliar male, for 1 hr or more, followed by 30 or 48 hr of continuous access to a male-soile...

The surviving members of 27 households in which someone had been infected with Ebola virus were interviewed in order to define the modes of transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). Of 173 household contacts of the primary cases, 28 (16%) developed EHF. All secondary cases had direct physical contact with the ill person (rate ratio [RR], undefined; P < .001), and among those with direct co...

This investigation examines the relationship between partners' amount of face-to-face contact and partners' frequency of domestic violence. Men entering a domestic violence treatment program (N = 134) and their intimate partners were asked to complete the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) at the beginning of treatment and 12 months after treatment completion concerning partner violence during the pr...