In quantum theory, any Hamiltonian describing a physical system is mathematically represented by a self-adjoint linear operator to ensure the reality of the associated observables. In an attempt to extend quantum mechanics into the complex domain, it was realized few years ago that certain non-Hermitian parity-time (P T ) symmetric Hamiltonians can exhibit an entirely real spectrum. Much of the...

Background: In earlier experiments the role of the vacuum fields could be demonstrated as the source of complementarity with respect to the temporal properties (Heuer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114:053601, 2015). Methods: Single photon first order interferences of spatially separated regions from the cone structure of spontaneous parametric down conversion allow for analyzing the role of the mode...

The fast physical optics (FPO) method for calculating the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of an object over a range of frequencies is extended to the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) method where the multi-bounce phenomena of the launched rays is considered. The FPO method is an improved version of the physical optics (PO) method, which is efficient when calculating the monostatic RCS over...

Using numerical simulations, here, we demonstrate that a single sheet of graphene with properly designed inhomogeneous, nonuniform conductivity distributions can act as a convex lens for focusing and collimating the transverse-magnetic (TM) surface plasmon polariton (SPP) surface waves propagating along the graphene. Consequently, we show that the graphene can act as a platform for obtaining sp...

For a plane electromagnetic wave at nose-on incidence on a semi-infinite perfectly conducting cone expressions for the surface field components are obtained. These have been programmed for numerical computation and data are presented for the magnitudes and phases as functions of the distance from the tip for three different cone angles. Comparison with results derived from the physical optics a...

A simplified theoretical model based on geometrical optics (GO) in combination with physical optics (PO) in its vector form is used to analyze the performance of a homogeneous dielectric-sphere lens fed by a feed horn. The proposed model provides physical insight and sufficient accuracy for the initial design cycle. The computed results are also compared to measured data acquired from a prototy...

We present a Monte Carlo method for propagating partially coherent fields through complex deterministic optical systems. A Gaussian copula is used to synthesize a random source with an arbitrary spatial coherence function. Physical optics and Monte Carlo predictions of the first- and second-order statistics of the field are shown for coherent and partially coherent sources for free-space propag...

For reflector antennas and mirrors with diameters < 50 ? Physical Optics (PO) and the Physical Theory of Diffraction (PTD) are very fast and accurate calculation methods for determining the scattered fields. In optics where the diameter of the mirrors >> 1000 ? ray tracing methods are sufficient means of determining the scattered fields. However, in the Quasi-optical range in between these wave...

In this paper, the angular side-play amount created by radiation pressure acting on active space object has been detailed investigated based on the physical optics, and the results are compared with the results by Mie theory; the correctness of the physical optics model is validated. The curves of angular side-play amount varied with the energy density of incident wave, mass of the object, and ...