An increasing number of preschool children are becoming overweight. Although many risk factors have been identified for school-age children, less is known about this young age group. Ecological models have been developed to illustrate how individual characteristics, family characteristics, community-level factors, and policies may influence weight gain. We used this model to review factors that...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the orthodontic treatment need of the child population of the Valencia region of Spain, employing the DAI and the IOTN, to examine the relations between treatment need, socio-economic data and gender and to assess the diagnostic agreement between the two indices. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a random represe...

BACKGROUND Training in the five steps of evidence-based practice (EBP) has been recommended for inclusion in entry-level health professional training. The effectiveness of EBP education has been explored predominantly in the medical and nursing professions and more commonly in post-graduate than entry-level students. Few studies have investigated longitudinal changes in EBP attitudes and behavi...

One of the hallmarks of inductive reasoning by adults is the diversity effect, namely that people draw stronger inferences from a diverse set of evidence than from a more homogenous set of evidence. However, past developmental work has not found consistent diversity effects with children age 9 and younger. We report robust sensitivity to diversity in children as young as 5, using everyday stimu...

This paper introduces a new approach to prediction by bringing together two different nonparametric ideas: distribution free inference and nonparametric smoothing. Specifically, we consider the problem of constructing nonparametric tolerance/prediction sets. We start from the general conformal prediction approach and we use a kernel density estimator as a measure of agreement between a sample p...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) in a sample of adults from Tehran, Iran. METHODS There were 48 adults (53.1% males) enrolled to test the physical activity questionnaire. A sub-sample included 33 participants (45.5% males) who assessed the reliability of the physical activit...

Historically, job analysis has played a fundamental role for developing and validating licensure and certification examinations. Still, research on what constitutes reliable and valid job analysis data is lacking. This paper illustrates several ways to examine the reliability and validity of job analysis survey results. Generalizability theory and the many-facets Rasch model are applied to inve...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To determine the overall effectiveness of interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) behavior among community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Comprehensive literature searching identified eligible PA intervention studies among community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older, or sample mean age of 70. Diverse study characteristics were extracted and ou...