Adaptation of the skin colour to the background light condition in the amphibian Xenopus lae6is is achieved by migration of pigment granules in the skin melanophores, a process regulated by a-MSH secretion from melanotrope cells in the pituitary pars intermedia (PI). a-MSH secretion in turn, is regulated by various stimulatory and inhibitory messengers synthesized in brain nuclei, especially th...

Adaptation of the skin colour to the background light condition in the amphibian Xenopus laevis is achieved by migration of pigment granules in the skin melanophores, a process regulated by alpha-MSH secretion from melanotrope cells in the pituitary pars intermedia (PI). alpha-MSH secretion in turn, is regulated by various stimulatory and inhibitory messengers synthesized in brain nuclei, espec...

<p>This research paper presents the memoryless radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) dependent proportional integral (PI) controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The proposed RBFNN is adaptation scheme since algorithm neither use past samples nor retain previous direction and hence observations are used only once. Firstly, mathematical model PMSM drive expl...

in this paper, we present some inequalities for the co-pi index involving the some topological indices, the number of vertices and edges, and the maximum degree. after that, we give a result for trees. in addition, we give some inequalities for the largest eigenvalue of the co-pi matrix of g.

vation of these brain regions has been proposed to reflect executive processes involved in resolving competing task demands via conflict monitoring and cognitive Summary control (D'Esposito et al., 1999; MacDonald et al., 2000; van Veen et al., 2001). To limit executive task demands Acquisition of new learning is challenged by the phe-and enable direct comparisons between human and ani-nomenon ...

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a polymodal, Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel crucial to regulation of nociceptor responsiveness. Sensitization of TRPV1 by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists to its endogenous activators, such as low pH and noxious heat, is a key factor in hyperalgesia during tissue injury as well as pathological pain syndromes. Conversely, chronic pha...

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is the primary cytosolic substrate of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors. Following tyrosine phosphorylation IRS-1 binds to and activates specific proteins containing SH2 domains. Using biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, we have mapped the distribution of IRS-1 in the CNS of the adult rat and compared it with that of i...

The contribution of Fas (CD95/APO-1) to cell death mechanisms of differentiated neurons is controversially discussed. Rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) express high levels of Fas in vitro but are resistant to FasL (CD95L/APO-1L/CD178)-induced apoptosis. We here show that this resistance was mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-Akt/protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent expres...

Elevation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is critically associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ-induced synaptic abnormalities, including altered receptor trafficking and synapse loss, have been linked to cognitive deficits in AD. Recent work implicates a lipid critical for neuronal function, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], in Aβ-induced synaptic and behavioral impa...

Neural networks are applied to the system identification problems using adaptive algorithms for either parameter or functional estimation of dynamic systems. In this paper the neural networks' sensitivity to input values and connections' weights, is studied. The Reduction-Sigmoid-Amplification (RSA) neurons are introduced and four different models of neural network architecture are proposed and...