This paper determines most common model of in-pipe robots to derive its degree of freedom in order to compare with the necessary degree of freedom required for a system to move inside pipelines freely in order to derive analytical reason for losing control of in-pipe robots at branched pipe. DOF of most common mechanism in in-pipe robots can be calculated by considering the robot as a parallel ...

OBJECTIVES A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (PF...

Sewer overflows may cause communities to be vulnerable to various health problems and other monetary losses. This puts a lot of burden on responsible to minimize end user complaints. Therefore, crack prediction would be helpful to facilitate decision makers to control sewer overflow problems and prioritize inspection and rehabilitation needs . The accurate prediction of current underground sewe...

The three major vacuum systems serving the two-mile accelerator, the optical alignment system light pipe, and the beam switchyard (BSY) transport vacuum chambers are located as shown in Fig. 23-1. The accelerator vacuum system must maintain a very high vacuum in the accelerator to prevent RF electrical breakdown and electron scatter. Thirtytwo subsystems evacuate the accelerator to a design pre...

Objectives: A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (P...

in the construction process of a plastic concrete cut-off wall, concreting is usually performed using the termie pipe method. in this method, concreting is performed from the lowest point in the excavated trench (containing the slurry) using a funnel and the pipe connected to it. the concrete poured in the funnel gradually settles in the panel through the termie pipe which is beneath the slurry...

The pre-accelerator microtron supplies an electron beam at 105 MeV for the Metrology Light Source (MLS) of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Berlin. The beam is delivered via the transfer line to the injection septum and then into the storage ring. This septum magnet has its stainless steel vacuum beam pipe placed inside a laminated silicon iron magnet core. Hence, the pulsed m...

Open boundary conditions. Since the source current, Eq. 1, extends from z = −∞ to +∞ whereas our computational domain is finite, one has to apply suitable boundary conditions (see also [2]). Consider some accelerator component, residing in a vacuum cavity with attached beam pipe of smaller cross section than the cavity. Generally, the transitions from the pipe to the module have to be included ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the effect of cigar or pipe smoking on the occurrence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm have reported prevalences among cigar and pipe smokers lying between those of non-smokers and current cigarette smokers. This study uses data on previous cigarette consumption, current cigar or pipe consumption, and biochemical markers of smoking to provide a detai...