OBJECTIVE To find the effects of prokinetics, saline cathartics and different charcoal doses on the gastrointestinal transit and residence times of activated charcoal (AC). SETTING Five undergraduate volunteers of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria, were studied. METHODS After an overnight fast, the volunteers were given 10 g and 20 g...

UNLABELLED objectives: To identify and compare hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis nurses' experiences about the placebo effect of intravenous saline injection in pain management. METHODS This descriptive study design was carried out between January 22nd - February 4th, 2012 with 202 voluntary nurses who work in hemodialysis and medical-surgical clinics. An online survey system was used for dat...

Pain interventions with no active ingredient, placebo, are sometimes effective in treating chronic pain conditions. Prior studies on the neurobiological underpinnings of placebo analgesia indicate endogenous opioid release and changes in brain responses and functional connectivity during pain anticipation and pain experience in healthy subjects. Here, we investigated placebo analgesia in health...

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of early pain relief for patients with suspected appendicitis on the diagnostic performance of surgical residents. METHODS A prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted for patients with suspected appendicitis. The patients were randomized to receive placebo (normal saline intravenous [IV]) infusions over 5 minutes or the s...

The effect of a new conjugate hydroxybenzoic acid with glycine on sensory-motor and cognitive impairments in experimental animals chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (CCI) was studied. CCI modeled rats by stenosis thelumen the carotid arteries 60 %. 40 days after operation, groups were formed test compound administered for 14 days. Citicoline used as reference drug, saline placebo. After trea...

BACKGROUND Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) is a site-1 sodium channel blocker that produces prolonged local anesthesia in animals and humans. Under a Food and Drug Administration-approved phase 1 Investigational New Drug trial, the authors evaluated safety and efficacy of NeoSTX alone and combined with 0.2% bupivacaine (Bup) with and without epinephrine. METHODS The authors conducted a double-blind, ra...

conclusions both remifentanil and magnesium had favorable outcomes in preventing hr and map elevation after tracheal extubation. however, remifentanil was associated with more rapid regaining of consciousness and reversal of muscular relaxation. results the hr was significantly lower, immediately after extubation and 3, 5, and 10 minutes after extubation, in both magnesium and remifentanil grou...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pilot clinical trials using magnesium sulfate in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have reported trends toward improvement in clinical outcomes. This Phase III study aimed to compare intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion with saline placebo among such patients. METHODS We recruited patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage within 48 hours of...

BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to evaluate the role of fat and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD) by investigating symptoms and plasma CCK levels following increasing doses of duodenal lipid during gastric distension, and the effect of CCK-A receptor blockade. SUBJECTS/METHODS In study A, six FD patients were studied on three occasions during duodenal infusion...