Mount Bidkhan stratovolcano is located in the central Iranian volcanic belt. It is composed of several types of pyroclastic deposits, lava flows and intrusive bodies. Textural and chemical characteristics of plagioclase phenocrysts from the eruptive products volcanic edifice, record complex magma mixing events over the lifetime of the volcano. Evidences such as xenocrystic high Al+Ti clinopyrox...

Deformation experiments were conducted with the intention of identifying how the mechanical behavior and deformation microstructures of a basalt are influenced by the presence of glass that can crystallize to metamorphic minerals or flow. A glassy plagioclase-rich basalt was tested for periods of up to 649 hours at temperatures of 675-875°C, a confining pressure of 1.0 GPa, and strain rates of ...

Introduction: Over the years, there have been many proposed mechanisms for moon formation, including fission, capture, and coaccretion, but the most popular and ever-evolving model at present is the giant impact origin [1]. The impact origin points to the existence of a hot, young moon, likely with a global magma ocean [2]. The next logical step, based on the mantle cumulate crystallization seq...

The current paradigm argues the Moon formed after a giant impact that produced a deep lunar magma ocean (LMO). After a period of turbulent convection, the LMO experienced fractional crystallization, causing the initially peridotitic liquid to evolve to a plagioclase-saturated ferrobasalt. The lunar crust, much of which comprises 93-98% pure anorthosite [1,2], formed by flotation of positively b...

The crustal history of volcanic rocks can be inferred from the mineralogy and compositions of their phenocrysts which record episodes of magma mixing as well as the pressures and temperatures when magmas cooled. Submarine lavas erupted on the Hilo Ridge, a rift zone directly east of Mauna Kea volcano, contain olivine, plagioclase, augite ‹orthopyroxene phenocrysts. The compositions of these phe...

Introduction: Miller Range 99301 is a type 6, unbrecciated LL chondrite [1]. MIL 99301 is of interest because some compositional and petrographic features suggest it experienced rather high shock grades, whereas other features suggest it is relatively unshocked. Inconsistent shock indicators could be explained if MIL 99301 was shocked but then partly annealed by heat produced by impacts on the ...

Abstract Volcanic rocks commonly display complex textures acquired both in the magma reservoir and during ascent to surface. While variations mineral compositions, sizes number densities are routinely analysed reconstruct pre-eruptive magmatic histories, crystal shapes often assumed be constant, despite experimental evidence for sensitivity of habit conditions. Here, we develop a new program ( ...

Eleven isobaric experimental series simulate the fractional crystallization of a 1150 km deep lunar magma ocean. Crystallization begins at 1850 oC with olivine (to 32 per cent solidified, pcs), followed 1600 by olivine+opx±Cr-spinel 62 1210 cpx+plagioclase±olivine±Ti-spinel 97 pcs) and 1060 quartz+cpx+plagioclase+Ti-spinel, leaving 1.8 wt% residual that crystallizes minor K-feldspar apatite in ...

Introduction: Since 1999, the lunar sample collection has been supplemented with about 50 meteorites from the Moon. Many of these stones are paired, and the total number of different lunar meteorites in the present collection is 37. Of these 37, five are lunar mare basalts, which represents ~14% of the lunar meteorite collection. Considering that the maria represent ~17% of the lunar surface, t...