background: in general, measurements of solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation are related to horizontal surfaces. while the hu­mans walking and standing outdoors expose to the natural solar uv radiation, their eyes, cheeks, extremities, trunks, or many other anatomical sites are close to vertical plane and random orient to different directions. in this study, we character­ized the diurnal variations...

In this paper, a Y-shaped power splitter based on a two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) for TE modes is designed and optimized. A triangular lattice of air holes is used for Y-shaped power divider. For analyzing these structures, plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods are used. The simulation results show that more than 98% of the input power is transmitt...

The development of three-dimensional motions in a plane mixing layer was investigated experimentally. It is shown that superimposed on the primary, spanwise vortex structure there is a secondary, steamwise vortex structure. Three aspects of this secondary structure were studied. First, the spanwise vortex instability that generates the secondary structure was characterized by measurements of th...

In this paper a new low profile Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) probe-fed H-plane horn antenna structure with improved gain is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two waveguides including a rectangular and a taper one, in which both, first and third modes of the structure are simultaneously excited leading to a uniform field distribution along the radiating aperture of the antenna a...

This paper presents investigation carried out, including experimental and numerical studies, on low-rise shear-dominated brick masonry structures for the calculation of force reduction factor R. Basic experimental tests were conducted on masonry constituent materials for mechancial characterization. In-plane quasi-static cyclic tests were conducted on twelve full scale brick masonry walls, to u...

It is impractical and uneconomic to design a structure that remains elastic throughout severe ground motions. The main design philosophy is that minor structural damages are acceptable as long as the structure does not collapse. Hence, seismic base isolation of structures provides a better alternative in constructing seismic resistant structures. A fixed-base structure designed in accordance to...

As an explicit example of an A∞-structure associated to geometry, we construct an A∞-structure for a Fukaya category of finitely many lines (Lagrangians) in R , i.e., we define also non-transversal A∞-products. This construction is motivated by homological mirror symmetry of (two-)tori, where R is the covering space of a two-torus. The strategy is based on an algebraic reformulation of Morse ho...