BACKGROUND The lag time of an invasion is the delay between arrival of an introduced species and its successful spread in a new area. To date, most estimates of lag times for plants have been indirect or anecdotal, and these estimates suggest that plant invasions are often characterized by lag times of 50 years or more. No general estimates are available of lag times for tropical plant invasion...

In urban areas, private yards can make up large portions of the available “green space” which be used to provide resources for many species, including birds, and pollinators. If residents are persuaded or willing plant certain native plants, aggregate effect these plantings could hugely beneficial key pollinator species. The objectives this study uncover impediments adding different types polli...