INRODUCTION MARTINUS VAN MARUM was born in Delft, Holland, and graduated in medicine and botany in Groningen in 1773. He moved to Haarlem, where in 1777 he was appointed Director of the 'Cabinet of Natural Curiosities' of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen,2 and in 1794 he became the second secretary of this society. In 1784 he also became the Librarian of the Teyler Stichting, and ...

drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. this research was carried out using bread wheat genotypes. for evaluation of leaf protein pattern in wheat, 10 genotypes were assayed with 3 replications under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions....

In constructing and visualizing a virtual three-dimensional forest scene, we must first obtain the vegetation distribution, namely, the location of each plant in the forest. Because the forest contains a large number of plants, the distribution of each plant is difficult to obtain from actual measurement methods. Random approaches are used as common solutions to simulate a forest distribution b...

The jasmonate pathway is a highly conserved defensive cascade in plants that regulates the induction of resistance against herbivores; however, its role in herbivore feeding behaviour remains unknown. We used a mutant tomato plant ( def -1) deficient in the production of jasmonate-related defensive proteins to test the hypothesis that genotypes with a reduced ability to induce resistance have a...

Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. This research was carried out using bread wheat genotypes. For evaluation of leaf protein pattern in wheat, 10 genotypes were assayed with 3 replications under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions....

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of index species, Astragalusammodendron on the associated plants of Agropyron tauri and Bromus tomentellus fromdifferent aspects in Shazand rangeland in southwest of Markazi province. The effects ofspecies density and distribution pattern and then index species on the soil properties werestudied. Based on the randomized – systematic method,...

Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. This research was carried out using bread wheat genotypes. For evaluation of leaf protein pattern in wheat, 10 genotypes were assayed with 3 replications under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions....

Pathogens, including tospoviruses, are known to manipulate the behaviour of vectors after virus acquisition by plants enhance transmission. Furthermore, as recently proven in maize chlorotic mottle pathosystem, vector's choice for virus-infected can change a preference noninfected uptake vector. A similar trend was observed cowpea - Watermelon Bud Necrosis Virus (WBNV) Thrips palmi (Karny) path...

plant cover is one of the most important factors affecting infiltration rate of water into the soil and decreasing runoff. distribution of plants in arid and semi-arid areas is almost patchy and form different patterns. one of the fascinating patterns is ring-shaped growth pattern. ring patterns of varying size are formed by clonally reproducing grasses, sedges and even shrubs growing in resour...