Human flavivirus group-reactive, dengue complex-reactive, and encephalitis virus complex-reactive antibodies were detected using epitope-blocking immunoassays in which the binding of selected mouse monoclonal antibodies to flavivirus antigens was blocked by human serum. When late (greater than 6 months after illness) convalescent sera were tested, the epitope-blocking immunoassays were superior...

The need for an efficient, practical, and accurate laboratory method for measuring dengue virus neutralizing antibody has been recognized by virologists concerned with arboviruses. Methods previously used include measurement of log neutralization indices by serial virus dilution tests with constant serum in suckling mice (1) or tissue culture tubes (2), or measurement of serum titers in sucklin...

very effective for detecting and assaying rotaviruses. A plaque reduction neutralization test, crossprotection studies in gnotobiotic pigs, and electrophoresis of rotaviral double-stranded RNA were used for comparing viruses. Three strains produced plaques on initial isolation attempts, replicated well in cell cultures, and were antigenically very similar. We suggest that these three strains be...

Lassa virus-immune plasma has been used to treat human Lassa fever patients; however, criteria for plasma selection were based arbitrarily on available serologic tools and protective efficacy was never directly assessed. To test the validity of plasma therapy for Lassa virus infections in an animal model, and to develop biologically relevant criteria for selection of protective immune plasma, i...

Neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination or natural infection play a critically important role in protection against the viral diseases. In general, neutralization of the viral infection occurs via two major pathways: pre- and post-attachment modes, the first being the most important for such infections as influenza and polio, the latter being significant for filoviruses. Neutralizing cap...

Foci of cells infected with human cytomegalovirus were noted to stain more intensely than uninfected cells with neutral red, and this provided the basis for development of a plaque assay and plaque reduction neutralization test for cytomegalovirus. Plaques demonstrable by neutral red staining could be counted at 8 days after infection; thus, results could be obtained earlier than for plaque ass...

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) as the reemerging disease which first discovered on December 2019 in Wuhan, China. World Health Organization (WHO) has designated COVID-19 a global pandemic March 11th, 2020. Covid-19 is related with climate change influences environment of life cycle SARS-CoV2 vector. With there are no drug choice for until this time, giving vaccination one strategy prevention to...

A semi-quantitative, gradient plate, plaque-neutralization technique was developed for studying immunological overlap and identification of Group A arboviruses. Two principles of the technique are: (i) a concentration gradient of antibody is provided that continues into a control area without antibody, and (ii) neutralization is measured by inhibition of plaque formation in agar-cell suspension...