Early diagnosis of typhoid is a worldwide concern since the conventional Widal test or Tube agglutination test is questionable for its limitations in terms of delayed implementation and false negative response for detection of Salmonella typhi (the most common food / water borne causative of typhoid) [1-2]. An improved and specific DNA hybridization electrochemical biosensor using direct electr...

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices based on Rayleigh wave, shear wave, love wave, acoustic plate mode (APM) wave and flexural plate wave have been explored for sensors, actuators and telecommunication applications. An interdigital transducer (IDT) is a metallic comb-like structure fabricated over piezoelectric substrate. SAWs are generated over the substrate by applying electrical signal to th...

The paper presents the computation and measurement of electric field, in both electrostatic as well as ionized case, for dual electrode system intended for electrostatic applications. The dual electrode system consists of an ionizing and non-ionizing electrode have the same voltage and facing a grounded collecting plate. The charge simulation method (CSM) coupled with genetic algorithms (GAs) a...

A silicon microchannel plate (MCP) array electrode modified with over-oxidized polypyrrole (OPPy) has been fabricated to detect glucose. The morphology and structure of the electrode are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The OPPy modified silicon MCP array electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activity as well as excellent selectivity to the ele...

All living organisms bear its defense mechanism. Immune cells during invasion by foreign body undergoes phagocytosis during which monocyte and neutrophil produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS generated in animal cells are known to be involved in several diseases and ailments, when generated in excess. Therefore, if the ROS generated in cells can be measured and analyzed precisely, it ...

Xanthine oxidase (E. C. 1.2.3.2) was immobilized by adsorption on electrochemically modified graphite plate to obtain an enzyme electrode. The current of the enzyme electrode in substrate (xanthine) solutions was found to be a result of the electrooxidation of H2O2 generated in the enzyme layer. The linearity of the amperometric signal was up to a substrate concentration of 65 microM at 0.6 V (...

Electrochemical or photo-electrochemical reactions in both electrospray ionization and laser desorption ionization are discussed stressing the role of the electrode reaction in influencing the ionization process. In particular, upon application of a high voltage during electrospray ionization, the emitter includes a working electrode, where redox reactions are observed, such as electro-generati...

An electrochemical flow cell with a boron-doped diamond dual-plate microtrench electrode has been developed and demonstrated for hydroquinone flow injection electroanalysis in phosphate buffer pH 7. Using the electrochemical generator-collector feedback detector improves the sensitivity by one order of magnitude (when compared to a single working electrode detector). The diffusion process is sw...

electrochemical properties of various rock-shaped-cuo/graphite (g) composites and monoclinic structure cuo nanoparticles as the cathode versus a zinc plate as the anode in a 4m naoh electrolyte were elucidated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) and chronopotentiometry (cp) in a two electrode configuration cell. various values of g 9, 16 and 28 wt% were prepared and studied as catho...