Several lines of research on human and rodent subjects have demonstrated that early-life stress results in multiple negative outcomes, including increased incidence of psychopathologies. The current study sought to further the research on adolescent versus adult rats on anxiety-like reactions to chronic stress. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether 7 days of chronic restraint s...

The elevated plus-maze is a widely used model of anxiety in rodents and has recently been suggested as a putative model of anxiety or fear in swine. The aim of the present experiment was to examine the effects of a pretest blood sampling procedure on the behaviour of weaned pigs in an elevated plus-maze. Animals in the control group were lifted one-by-one into a transport trolley and moved to t...

The role of lateral septal vasopressin (VP) in the modulation of spatial memory, social memory, and anxiety-related behavior was studied in adult, male Wistar rats. Animals were equipped with osmotic minipumps delivering the VP-antagonist d(CH2)5-D-Tyr(Et)VAVP (1 ng/0.5 microl per h) bilaterally into the lateral septum (LS). Subsequently, all rats were subjected to four behavioral tests. First,...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.(Sapindaceae). The anxiolytic activity was evaluated by Elevated plus maze, Y-maze, Hole-board, Actophotometer, and Marble-burying behavior models. The efficacy of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drugs Diazepam (2 mg/kg) and Fluoxetine...

MHC-congenic mice prefer to mate with mice of different MHC types and are able to discriminate between MHC-congenic mice by their urine odors, but nothing is known about behavioral differences among MHC-congenic mice. The present experiments examine the strain and sex differences in MHC-congenic C57BL/6J and B6-H-2K mice with respect to exploration and fear motivated behaviors in the elevated p...

background and objective: the medicinal plant origanum vulgare. subsp. vulgare in the lamiaceae family has been widely used by iranian people for the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurologic disorders. the present study was carried out to evaluate possible anxiolytic effects of aqueous extract of o. vulgare leaves and the flowering branches in rats.materials and methods: anxiol...

introduction: anxiety is among the most common and treatable mental disorders. adrenergic and cannabinoid systems have an important role in the neurobiology of anxiety. the elevated plus-maze (epm) has broadly been used to investigate anxiolytic and anxiogenic compounds. the present study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (ip) injection of cannabinoid cb1 receptor antagonist (am251) i...

Grooming behavior has been reported to be a response to novelty and other stressors. However, studies that sought to identify anxiety-related measures in the elevated plus-maze have not found grooming as a reliable index. Grooming has been implied with dearousal after a stressful experience. In the present work, a detailed investigation of this behavior was performed in a test with a longer dur...

This work describes a neural network model of the rat exploratory behavior in the elevated plus-maze, a test used to study anxiety. It involves three parameters: drive to explore; drive to avoid aversive stimuli; and spontaneous locomotor activity. Each network unit corresponds to a specific location in the maze and the connections, only between closest neighbors, represent the possible adjacen...