Spontaneous pneumomediastinum has not been reported in adult polymyositis or dermatomyositis, either in conjunction with spontaneous pneumothorax or in isolation. Spontaneous pneumothorax has been rarely reported as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and childhood dermatomyositis. It is associated with active, progressive pulmonary involvement and...

We present the case of a patient who developed pneumomediastinum after high pressure air injection to the hand. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of pneumomediastinum where the gas injection site was the thenar eminence. Fortunately the patient recovered with conservative management.

We read with much interest the article by S.J. Willing ( 1) that appeared in AJNR in 1991. The author states that epidural pneumatosis is commonly seen in trauma patients and that since computed tomography (CT) scans are seldom performed in spontaneous pneumomediastinum, a similar case has not been reported in the literature. Yoshimura, et al demonstrated the occurrence of epidural pneumatosis ...

Tracheostomy can lead to various complications, one of which is ectopic air in different compartments the body. Here, we present a rare case tracheostomy-induced air: combination subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum. This also presents literature review on some common mechanisms responsible for pneumomediastinum following tracheostomy mechanism pneumoperitoneum pneumo...

Spontaneous rupture of the pulmonary alveoli after a sudden increase in intra-alveolar pressure is a common cause of pneumomediastinum, which is usually seen in healthy young men. Other common causes are traumatic and iatrogenic rupture of the airway and esophagus; however, pneumomediastinum following cervicofacial emphysema is much rarer and is occasionally found after dental surgical procedur...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a self-limiting benign disease but abnormal bronchial lesions can be rarely found incidentally, and in selected cases will require surgical resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 38-year-old man presented with a spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Chest computed tomography revealed an incidental linear endobronchial tumour in the aberrant tracheal bronchus. ...

BACKGROUND The presence of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum simultaneously is a rare complication of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that usually indicates free perforation to the peritoneal cavity or the retroperitoneal space. CASE PRESENTATION We report an unusual case of a self-limited subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum following a...

The occurrences of pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax after oral and/or maxillofacial surgery are rare, but both are potentially life-threatening complications. Most of the cases that present pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax in the oral and/or maxillofacial surgery result from air dissecting down the fascial planes of the neck. We report a case of a 23-year-old male patient who underwent bila...

Pneumomediastinum has been described in patients with asthma. In this case report, we describe a young patient who presented to our medical assessment unit with an asthma exacerbation and progressive dyspnea. The patient developed pneumomediastinum, a rare complication of an asthma exacerbation. Pneumomediastinum is usually characterized by chest pain, dyspnea, and neck swelling caused by subcu...

Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a commonly performed gynecological procedure. Although the outcomes are favorable, severe life threatening complications such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema can occur during laparoscopy secondary to carbon dioxide insufflation. We report a 46-year-old female who was scheduled for laparoscopic-assisted supra-cervical hysterectomy for ut...