Is the high degree of gender inequality in developing countries—in education, personal autonomy, and more—explained by underdevelopment itself? Or do the societies that are poor today hold certain cultural views that lead to gender inequality? This article discusses several mechanisms through which gender gaps narrow as countries grow. I argue that although much of the GDP/gender-inequality rel...

Examples of genomic conflict were apparent soon after the inception of the field of modern genetics. Despite these early discoveries, the relevance of genomic conflict to the core principles of genetics has been largely unappreciated. In this synthetic review I will describe why knowledge of the logic and diverse forms of genomic conflict is essential to understanding all subfields of genetics....

The inception of plate tectonics on Earth and its subsequent evolution are discussed on the basis of theoretical considerations and observational constraints. The likelihood of plate tectonics in the past depends on what mechanism is responsible for the relatively constant surface heat flux that is indicated by the likely thermal history of Earth. The continuous operation of plate tectonics thr...

The d i f f icu lt ies f aced by te xt bas ed r et r ieva l b eca me mo re and mo re s evere . The ef f ic ien t manage ment o f the rap id ly e xpand ing v is ua l in fo r mat ion beca me an u rg en t p rob le m. Th is need fo r med the d r iv ing fo rc e beh ind the e me rgen ce o f con ten t -bas ed image ret r ieva l te chn iques . Many d i f fe ren t app roaches fo r con ten t -b as ed ima...

A normal heartbeat is orchestrated by the stable propagation of an excitation wave that produces an orderly contraction. In contrast, wave turbulence in the ventricles, clinically known as ventricular fibrillation (VF), stops the heart from pumping and is lethal without prompt defibrillation. I review experimental, computational, and theoretical studies that have shed light on complex dynamical...

As with many mountain belts globally, the Alps have seen a large increase in sediment yield in the late Neogene. The hypothesis that this increase results from climate-change impacts on erosion rate over the past ∼5 Ma is testable, given the extensive work completed in the Alps. Sediment budgets, thermochronology-based cooling rates, and estimates of modern rock uplift and erosion in the Wester...

background: child ho od cancer, as o n e of the life thre at ening and most serio u s health pro b lems, co n si d er a bly i n fl u en ce s the cogniti v e and soci a l functions of children with c ancer and the i r families; ho w e ver, sur p risin gl y e n ough, t h ese chil d ren are q u ite co mpatible w ith their pe ers and even fu n ction bet t er emotio n ally compa r ed with norm a l c...

The advent of advanced computer a r c h i t e c t u r e s fo r p a r a l l e l and symbolic processing has evolved to the po in t where the technology c u r r e n t l y e x i s t s fo r the development of p ro to type autonomous v e h i c l e s . Contro l o f such devices w i l l r equ i r e communication between knowledgebased subsystems in charge of the v i s i o n , p l ann ing , and c o n f...

In orpQnizing This p~nel, our Ch(tirmon, Bob Moore, expressed the view t h o r t o o o f t e n d i s c u s s i o n o? Ho tu r ra ' l l,',nguage o c c e s s To dol'o b u s e s has f o c u s e d on whot p ~ r t i c u l c ~ r systems c~*n or cQnnot d o , r o ' t h e r t h a n on u n d e r l y i n g i s s u e s . He Then s d ~ i r r 4 b l y p r o c e e d e d t o o r g o n i z e t h e p rJne l nr. o...

This review steps back from the burgeoning economics literature on measuring social preferences and considers more carefully the empirical evidence from the lab and the field. I place the claims from the ardent supporters of the literature into three bins: one for claims that are supported by the data upon closer scrutiny, one for claims that are not supported by the data upon closer scrutiny, ...