Singleand dual-polarized arrays of Vivaldi notch elements have been extensively analyzed by using efficient numerical analyses. From these analyses and from experimental studies, element designs and array configurations have been determined to provide more than two octaves of bandwidth while scanning to 45° from broadside in all directions. Parameter studies illustrating the effects of some key...

A rigorous analysis of digital coherent optical modulation schemes using the state of polarization as the modulating parameter is presented, which permits to obtain the exact performance of all the polarization-based modulation schemes proposed in the literature so far, including a differential demodulation scheme, named DPOLSK, which does not require either electrooptic or electronic polarizat...

Abstract: The application of electric field theory to widely different aspects of electrical insulation has led to more understanding the phenomena. Electric fields may be considered as the main reason for insulation failure. The purpose of this paper is to modify importance of analyzing electric field in insulation design. The SF6 circuit breaker is chosen as case study that encounters cri...

We report an all solid-state polarization-state generator that uses magneto-optic polarization rotators. The device can generate either five or six distinctive polarization states uniformly across a Poincaré sphere with repeatability better than 0.1 degrees. It is ideal for polarization analysis, swept-wavelength measurement, and monitoring of polarization-related parameters and signal-to-noise...

Leptonic µ-and τ-decays: mass effects, polarization effects and O(α) radiative corrections Abstract We calculate the radiative corrections to the unpolarized and the four polarized spectrum and rate functions in the leptonic decay of a polarized µ into a polarized electron. The new feature of our calculation is that we keep the mass of the final state electron finite which is mandatory if one w...

The purpose of this discussion is to relate the previously developed matrix analysis of electromagnetic scattering explicitly to the experimentally measurable bistatic polarization matrix. In addition, in order to perform the numerical computations more conveniently, a new matrix analysis is described, in which the constraints of reciprocity and energy conservation are employed in the course of...

Leptonic µ-and τ-decays: mass effects, polarization effects and O(α) radiative corrections Abstract We calculate the radiative corrections to the unpolarized and three polarized spectrum and rate functions in polarized µ-decays into polarized electrons. The new feature of our calculation is that we keep the mass of the final state electron finite. Analytical results are given for the energy spe...

Measuring the polarization of the prompt -ray emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can significantly improve our understanding of both the GRB emission mechanisms as well as the underlying engine driving the explosion. We searched for polarization in the prompt -ray emission of GRB 041219a with the SPI instrument on INTEGRAL. Using multiple-detector coincidence events in the 100–350 keVenergy ...

Introduction: The human skin is an active medium from the optical point of view. Therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employing light are increasing. Current optical techniques are based on the measurement of the intensity of reflected absorbed or backscattered light from or within skin. Studies have shown that biological tissues, and in particular skin, demonstrate polarization...

In this study, the effect of molybdate on the electrochemical behavior and semi-conductive properties of duplex stainless steel 2205 passive film at NaCl solutions was investigated. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, impedance spectroscopy, mott-schottky plots and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the passive behavior. Polarization curves showed that the corrosion current ...