in this paper for calculating policy analysis matrix parameters, with regard to real or shadow prices, we pay attention to variation of endogenous variables, using results of cge  model. the results of the study indicated that,in output market, because of government policies, there are implicit tax on products of iran;s auto industry. but inputs of auto industry, benefits from government subsid...

The distributional impact of the public sector’s budget is a topic of enduring interest for economists and policymakers. The more recent literature on developing countries has focused almost exclusively on the expenditure side of the budget, as discussed in Chapter 2 But the few available studies on tax incidence in developing countries show that some tax policies have redistributive impacts – ...

Food security has a dynamic notion during the time and may be affected by various domestic and global factors.Nevertheless, Iranian policy makers consider food security as same as self-sufficiency in agricultural food products, particularly wheat production. However, self-sufficiency can contribute to food security only if it is in coincidences with comparative advantage and sustainable resourc...

In this paper, with the aim of estimating internal dynamics matrix of a gimbaled Inertial Navigation system (as a discrete Linear system), the discretetime Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for optimal control has been extracted. Heuristic Dynamic Programming algorithm (HDP) for solving equation has been presented and then a neural network approximation for cost function and control input ...

this research proposes a methodology for ranking decision making units byusing a goal programming model.we suggest a two phases procedure. in phase1, by using some dea problems for each pair of units, we construct a pairwisecomparison matrix. then this matrix is utilized to rank the units via the goalprogramming model.