the significant consumption of gas in the world results in the emission of greenhouse gases into atmosphere. abadan refinery has always been the biggest and oldest oil refinery in the middle east and has a variety of refined products. after six months of collecting data about pollutant concentration emitted from a stack of old furnaces of units 75 and new unit 200, the emission factor of the po...

Immunological and structural changes in the thymus and pronephros of Cyprinus carpio infected with the blood fluke, Sanguinicola inermis for 30 days, and exposed to 0.5 mg NH4+/1 for 48 and 168 h were investigated. Ultrastructural observations revealed cell disruption and highly vacuolated cytoplasm in the thymus. Of the cells that remained intact there was a significant increase in thrombocyte...

It is widely recognised that riparian zones can greatly reduce the movement of pollutants from hillslopes into streams. While several indices of stream condition exist, the spatial distribution of the pollutant and runoff trapping functions of the riparian zone remains poorly understood. This paper describes three indices, which quantify the spatial distribution of riparian zones that function ...

The so-calledAir Quality Index (AQI), expresses the quality of atmospheric air. The overall AQI is determined from the AQIs of some reference air pollutants, which are calculated by a transform of the respective concentrations. Concentrations of air pollutants are compositional data; they are expressed as part of mass of each pollutant in a total air volume or mass. Therefore, air pollution con...

As Malaysia strives to become industrialised, numerous water bodies are increasingly dumping grounds for chemicals, sewage, and pollutants. It is considered that pollutant substances continuously channelled into then transferred organic inorganic particles, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides directly affect the aquatic ecosystem. This paper aims study overview of physicochemicals properties lake...

BACKGROUND This study is part of several ongoing projects concerning epidemiological research into the effects on health of exposure to air pollutants in the region of Scania, southern Sweden. The aim is to investigate the optimal spatial resolution, with respect to temporal resolution, for a pollutant database of NOx-values which will be used mainly for epidemiological studies with durations o...

Pollutant transport due to the turbulent wind flow around buildings is a complex phenomenon which is challenging to reproduce with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In the present study we use Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) to investigate the turbulent mass transport mechanism in the case of gas dispersion around an isolated cubical building. Close agreement is found between wind-tunnel measurem...

the normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) derived from the spot 4 satellite has been widely used to monitor moisture-related vegetation condition. the relationship between vegetation and climate index, however, is complex and has not been adequately studied with satellite sensor data. to better understand this relationship, an analysis was conducted on time series of monthly ndvi (1999–...