Non-cooperative game theoretical models of self-enforcing international environmental agreements (IEAs) that employ the cartel stability concept of d’Aspremont et al. (1983) frequently assume that countries are identical, and they can sign a single agreement only. We modify the assumption by considering two self-enforcing IEAs and also two types of asymmetric countries. Extending a model of Bar...

In this paper we study on the report on heavy metal ions pollution and strategies to reduce metal ion exposure to human and environment by using non-thermal plasma technology. We find that plasma pollution control technology is more significant than others technology because of its advantages such as smaller space volume, lower cost, higher treatment and energy efficiencies. It is found that th...

This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to examine the costs of achieving pollution reductions under a range of environmental policy instruments in a second-best setting with pre-existing factor taxes. We compare the costs and overall efficiency impacts of emissions taxes, emissions quotas, fuels taxes, performance standards, and mandated technologies, and explore...

We have developed a social optimization model that integrates wastewater treatment cost function and ecosystem damage cost function. The social optimal abatement level of water pollution is determined by finding the tradeoff between pollution control cost and ecosystem damage. The model is applied to data from the Lake Taihu region in China to demonstrate this tradeoff. A wastewater treatment c...

After examining the properties of several alternative forms of marketable permit systems for the control of air pollution, this paper proposes a system of pollution offsets as the most promising approach. Under the pollution-offset scheme, sources of emissions are free to trade emissions permits subject to the constraint of no violations of the predetermined air-quality standard at any receptor...

Salmon aquaculture generates good output (i.e., salmon) and bad output (e.g., pollution). A joint production function approach is applied to model both outputs simultaneously. Two environmental production technologies are specified, namely, regulated and unregulated technologies. Two production functions with different mapping rules are applied. Pollution abatement costs are estimated based on ...